Spring 50例常见错误（十）

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 14:45:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 14:45:57 发布

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文章整理来源：Spring编程常见错误50例_spring_spring编程_bean_AOP_SpringCloud_SpringWeb_测试_事务_Data-极客时间

案例25：返回结果无合适的转化器

在直接用 Spring MVC 而非 Spring Boot 来编写 Web 程序时，以下例子会遇到 “No converter found for return value of type” 错误

//定义的数据对象
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}
//定义的 API 借口
@RestController
public class HelloController {
 
    @GetMapping("/hi1")
    public Student hi1() {
        return new Student("xiaoming", Integer.valueOf(12));
    }    
}

解析：在 Spring MVC 处理完后，需要根据 request 的可接受类型 AcceptableMediaTypes 和自身能返回的类型 ProducibleMediaTypes ，这两者间挑选合适的作为返回信息的处理类型，这个步骤参考 AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor#writeWithMessageConverters

HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
List<MediaType> acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
List<MediaType> producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);

if (body != null && producibleTypes.isEmpty()) {
   throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
         "No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
}
List<MediaType> mediaTypesToUse = new ArrayList<>();
for (MediaType requestedType : acceptableTypes) {
   for (MediaType producibleType : producibleTypes) {
      if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
         mediaTypesToUse.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
      }
   }
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

protected List<MediaType> getProducibleMediaTypes(
      HttpServletRequest request, Class<?> valueClass, @Nullable Type targetType) {

   Set<MediaType> mediaTypes =
         (Set<MediaType>) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
   if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes)) {
      return new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes);
   }
   else if (!this.allSupportedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
      List<MediaType> result = new ArrayList<>();
      
      // 遍历所有的已经注册的 HttpMessageConverter 查看是否支持当前类型
      for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
         if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter && targetType != null) {
            if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueClass, null)) {
               result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
            }
         }
         else if (converter.canWrite(valueClass, null)) {
            result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
         }
      }
      return result;
   }
   else {
      return Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
   }
}

Spring MVC 启动后，通过构建 AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser 这个 Bean 负责路由和处理请求。而在它的构建过程中，会决策出以后要使用哪些 HttpMessageConverter，相关代码参考 AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser#getMessageConverters

messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
RootBeanDefinition stringConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(StringHttpMessageConverter.class, source);
stringConverterDef.getPropertyValues().add("writeAcceptCharset", false);
messageConverters.add(stringConverterDef);
messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ResourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
//省略其他非关键代码
if (jackson2Present) {
   Class<?> type = MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class;
   RootBeanDefinition jacksonConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(type, source);
   GenericBeanDefinition jacksonFactoryDef = createObjectMapperFactoryDefinition(source);
   jacksonConverterDef.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(0, jacksonFactoryDef);
   messageConverters.add(jacksonConverterDef);
}
else if (gsonPresent) { messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(GsonHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
}
//省略其他非关键代码

而其中由于没有添加 JSON 的相关库，故 jackson2Present、gsonPresent 等变量为 false，便没有 JSON 相关转化器，因此针对 Student 等自定义类无合适的转化器，就会抛出 No converter found for return value of type 错误。

解决：引入 JSON 的相关库

<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.6</version>

</dependency>

若使用 spring-boot-starter-web ，则会自动引入 JSON 的相关库

案例 26：Jackson 和 Gson 是否序列化 Null

在请求中的 Body 中获取转化为 Student 对象并返回，但得到返回结果却会有所不同

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @PostMapping("/hi2")
    public Student hi2(@RequestBody Student student) {
        return student;
    }
}

POST http://localhost:8080/springmvc3_war/app/hi2

Content-Type: application/json

{“name”: “xiaoming”}

---------------------------------------------------------------------

// 得到结果1

{“name”: “xiaoming”}

---------------------------------------------------------------------

// 得到结果2

{“name”: “xiaoming” , "age" : null }

解析：Jackson 和 Gson 在同时存在的情况下，会优先选择 Jaskson

对于 Gson 而言，是默认不序列化 null 的

而 Jackson 默认对于 null 的处理是做序列化的

解决：为保证结果返回始终如一

1. 使用 @JsonInclude 注解，让 Jackson 和 Gson 的默认行为对于 null 的处理变成一致

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
// 使用 @JsonInclude 注解
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class Student {
    private String name;
    //或直接加在 age 上：@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
    private Integer age;
}

2. 用自动注入的方式获取到 RequestMappingHandlerAdapter，并找到 Jackson 解析器做自定义配置

@RestController
public class HelloController {

public HelloController(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter){
    List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters =
            requestMappingHandlerAdapter.getMessageConverters();
    for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : messageConverters) {
        if(messageConverter instanceof MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter ){
            (((MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter)messageConverter).getObjectMapper()).setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        }
    }
}
//省略其他非关键代码
}

案例 27：多次读取请求流中的 Body

自定义一个 Filter 来统一输出具体的请求中 requestBody 的内容

public class ReadBodyFilter implements Filter {
//省略其他非关键代码
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,
                         ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        String requestBody = IOUtils.toString(request.getInputStream(), "utf-8");
        System.out.println("print request body in filter:" + requestBody);
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}
----------------------------------------------------------------
@PostMapping("/hi3")
public Student hi3(@RequestBody Student student) {
    return student;
}

// 请求运行结果

print request body in filter:{“name”: “xiaoming”,“age”: 10}

25-Mar-2021 11:04:44.906 璀﹀憡 [http-nio-8080-exec-5]

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver.logException Resolved [org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: Required request body is missing: public com.puzzles.Student com.puzzles.HelloController.hi3(com.puzzles.Student)]

解析：请求 Body 转化的相关代码 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor#readWithMessageConverters）

protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(NativeWebRequest webRequest, MethodParameter parameter,
      Type paramType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
   HttpServletRequest servletRequest = webRequest.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
   ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = new ServletServerHttpRequest(servletRequest);
   //读取 Body 并进行转化
   Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(inputMessage, parameter, paramType);
   if (arg == null && checkRequired(parameter)) {
      throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("Required request body is missing: " +
            parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString(), inputMessage);
   }
   return arg;
}
----------------------------------------------------------------

protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
      Type targetType){
   //省略非关键代码
   Object body = NO_VALUE;
   EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage message;
   try {
      message = new EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);
      for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
         Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass();
         GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter =
               (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
         if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
               (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {
            if (message.hasBody()) {
               //省略非关键代码：读取并转化 body
            else {
               //处理没有 body 情况，默认返回 null
               body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
            }
            break;
         }
      }
   }
   catch (IOException ex) {
      throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("I/O error while reading input message", ex, inputMessage);
   }
   //省略非关键代码
   return body;
}

protected boolean checkRequired(MethodParameter parameter) {
   RequestBody requestBody = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestBody.class);
   return (requestBody != null && requestBody.required() && !parameter.isOptional());
}

------------------------------------------------------------------
public EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {
   this.headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();
   InputStream inputStream = inputMessage.getBody();
   if (inputStream.markSupported()) {
      //省略其他非关键代码
   }
   else {
      PushbackInputStream pushbackInputStream = new PushbackInputStream(inputStream);
      int b = pushbackInputStream.read();
      if (b == -1) {
         this.body = null;
      }
      else {
         this.body = pushbackInputStream;
         pushbackInputStream.unread(b);
      }
   }
}
public InputStream getBody() {
   return (this.body != null ? this.body : StreamUtils.emptyInput());
}

请求流中有 Body，但是 Body 本身代表的流已经被前面读取过了，到 Controller 的方法中，则再获取不到 Body 中的数据

解决：定义一个 RequestBodyAdviceAdapter 的 Bean

@ControllerAdvice
public class PrintRequestBodyAdviceAdapter extends RequestBodyAdviceAdapter {
    @Override
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass) {
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage,MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType,
            Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
        System.out.println("print request body in advice:" + body);
        return super.afterBodyRead(body, inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType){
  //省略其他非关键代码  
  if (message.hasBody()) {
    HttpInputMessage msgToUse = getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message,parameter, targetType, converterType);
    body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :((HttpMessageConverter<T>)converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));

    // 调用上面定义的 PrintRequestBodyAdviceAdapter
    body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    //省略其他非关键代码  
   }
   //省略其他非关键代码          
   return body;
}

传递给 PrintRequestBodyAdviceAdapter 的 Body 对象已经是一个解析过的对象，而不再是一个流