文章目录
分区自动索引
分区表唯一约束
在 PostgreSQL 10 中,分区上的索引需要基于各个分区手动创建,而不能基于分区的父表创建索引。PostgreSQL 11 可以基于分区表创建索引。分区表上的索引并不会创建一个物理上的索引,而是为每个分区上的索引创建一个模板。
分区自动索引
如果在分区表上创建了一个索引,PostgreSQL 自动为每个分区创建具有相同属性的索引。
CREATE TABLE measurement (
city_id int not null,
logdate date not null,
peaktemp int,
unitsales int
) PARTITION BY RANGE (logdate);
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2018 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2018-01-01') TO ('2019-01-01');
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2019 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2019-01-01') TO ('2020-01-01');
CREATE INDEX idx_measurement_peaktemp ON measurement(peaktemp);
\d measurement
Table "public.measurement"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
-----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
city_id | integer | | not null |
logdate | date | | not null |
peaktemp | integer | | |
unitsales | integer | | |
Partition key: RANGE (logdate)
Indexes:
"idx_measurement_peaktemp" btree (peaktemp)
Number of partitions: 2 (Use \d+ to list them.)
measurement 表上创建了一个索引 idx_measurement_peaktemp,因此该表上的分区也会自动创建相应的索引。
\d measurement_y2018
Table "public.measurement_y2018"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
-----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
city_id | integer | | not null |
logdate | date | | not null |
peaktemp | integer | | |
unitsales | integer | | |
Partition of: measurement FOR VALUES FROM ('2018-01-01') TO ('2019-01-01')
Indexes:
"measurement_y2018_peaktemp_idx" btree (peaktemp)
自动创建的索引,名称按照 “{partition name}_{column name}_idx” 的模式定义。多个字段的复合索引使用下划线(_)连接字段名称。如果索引名称已经存在,在名称的最后添加一个数字。如果名称过长,使用缩写。
随后新增的分区或者通过 ATTACH PARTITION 挂载的分区都会自动创建相应的索引。
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2020 (LIKE measurement);
ALTER TABLE measurement ATTACH PARTITION measurement_y2020
FOR VALUES FROM ('2020-01-01') TO ('2021-01-01');
\d measurement_y2020
Table "public.measurement_y2020"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
-----------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
city_id | integer | | not null |
logdate | date | | not null |
peaktemp | integer | | |
unitsales | integer | | |
Partition of: measurement FOR VALUES FROM ('2020-01-01') TO ('2021-01-01')
Indexes:
"measurement_y2020_peaktemp_idx" btree (peaktemp)
自动创建的索引不能单独删除,可以通过分区表统一删除。
DROP INDEX measurement_y2020_peaktemp_idx;
ERROR: cannot drop index measurement_y2020_peaktemp_idx because index idx_measurement_peaktemp requires it
HINT: You can drop index idx_measurement_peaktemp instead.
DROP INDEX idx_measurement_peaktemp;
分区表唯一约束
对于 PostgreSQL 10,只能基于分区创建唯一约束(PRIMARY KEY 和 UNIQUE KEY),而不能针对分区的父表创建唯一约束。PostgreSQL 11 支持分区表上的唯一约束。
CREATE TABLE rtable(c1 INT, c2 VARCHAR(10)) PARTITION BY RANGE(c1);
ALTER TABLE rtable ADD CONSTRAINT pk_rtable PRIMARY KEY(c1);
\d rtable
Table "public.rtable"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+---------
c1 | integer | | not null |
c2 | character varying(10) | | |
Partition key: RANGE (c1)
Indexes:
"pk_rtable" PRIMARY KEY, btree (c1)
Number of partitions: 0
添加分区或者加载(ATTACH)分区时自动创建相应的主键:
CREATE TABLE rtable100 PARTITION OF rtable FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (100);
\d rtable100
Table "public.rtable100"
PostgreSQL 11 新特性之分区索引
最新推荐文章于 2024-02-22 15:51:45 发布