Spring学习（一）

Spring简介

文档：https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#spring-core

• Spring是一个免费开源的框架（容器）
• 轻量级非入侵式的框架
• 控制翻转（IOC）、面向切面编程（AOP）
• 对框架整合的支持

理解：

• 对象交给spring管理

Spring配置

依赖注入

• 方式一：构造器注入
• 方式二：set注入（重点）
• 方式三：拓展方式

代码

导入依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.4</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

pojo

Address.java

package com.wangqi.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public Address() { }

    public Address(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

User.java

package com.wangqi.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String, String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

配置文件xml

applicationContext.xml
（默认是单例模式）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <!-- 有参构造，可以通过位置、类型、参数名 -->
    <bean id="address" class="com.wangqi.pojo.Address">
        <constructor-arg name="address" value="China"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 无参构造 -->
    <!--<bean id="address" class="com.wangqi.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="China"></property>
    </bean>-->

    <bean id="student" class="com.wangqi.pojo.Student">

        <!-- 第一种，普通值注入,value  -->
        <property name="name" value="小王"/>

        <!-- 第二种，Bean注入，ref -->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!-- 数组注入，-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!-- list注入 -->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>写代码</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!-- map注入 -->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="卡号" value="123456"/>
                <entry key="密码" value="654321"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        
        <!-- set注入 -->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>COC</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!-- 空值注入 -->
        <!--<property name="wife" value=""/>-->

        <!-- null值注入 -->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

        <!-- Properties -->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">E11614095</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="账号">admin</prop>
                <prop key="密码">123456</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

其他配置：

• alias：别名（没什么用）
• import：导入其他的applicationContext.xml，一般将多个合并成一个总的，导入这个总的就可以

测试类

MyTest.java

import com.wangqi.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext conntext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) conntext.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}

bean scope（bean的作用域）

• 单例模式（默认）

<bean id="student" class="com.wangqi.pojo.Student" scope="singleton">

• 原型模式
  每次getBean时候都会产生一个新对象！

<bean id="student" class="com.wangqi.pojo.Student" scope="prototype">

其余的几种，只能在web开发中使用到。