一.拦截器(interceptor)的作用
SpringMVC的拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。
将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链,这条链称为拦截器链,在访问被拦截的方法或字段时,拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。拦截器也是AOP思想的具体体现。
拦截器的方法:
preHandle():方法在处理请求之前调用,该方法的返回值是boolean类型的,当返回false时,表示请求结束,后续的Interceptor和Controller都不会再执行;当返回true时,就会继续调用下一个Interceptor的preHandle方法。
postHandle():该方法是在当前请求进行处理之后被调用,前提是preHandle方法的返回值是true时才能调用,且它会在DispatcherServlet进行视图返回渲染之前被调用,所以我们可以在这个方法中对Controller处理之后的ModelAndView对象进行操作。
afterCompletion():该方法将在整个请求结束后,也就是在DispatcherServlet渲染了对应的视图之后执行,前提是preHandle方法的返回值是true时才能调用。
二.自定义拦截器的步骤
1.创建拦截器类实现HandlerInterceptor接口
2.配置拦截器
3.测试拦截器的拦截效果
例子:创建拦截器MyInterceptor1
@Controller
public class TargetController {
@RequestMapping("/target")
public ModelAndView show(){
System.out.println("目标资源执行......");
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("name","itcast");
modelAndView.setViewName("index");
return modelAndView;
}
}
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
//在目标方法之前执行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle...");
//返回true代表放行,后续的操作可以进行,返回false代表不放行,后续的操作都不能执行
return true;
}
//在目标方法执行之后,视图对象返回之前执行
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle...");
}
//在整个流程都执行完毕后执行
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
}
}
spring-mvc.xml配置拦截器:
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--对哪些资源执行拦截操作-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.itheima.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
测试效果TargetController:
@Controller
public class TargetController {
@RequestMapping("/target")
public ModelAndView show(){
System.out.println("目标资源执行......");
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("name","itcast");
modelAndView.setViewName("index");
return modelAndView;
}
}
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/target
控制台输出:preHandle…
目标资源执行…
postHandle…
afterCompletion…
三.配置两个拦截器的前后运行顺序
拦截器1,MyInterceptor1:
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
//在目标方法之前执行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle...");
//得到浏览器中的param属性,判断如果属性是yes,则正常,否则就跳转到error.jsp界面
String param = request.getParameter("param");
if ("yes".equals(param)){
return true;
}else{
request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
return false;
}
}
//在目标方法执行之后,视图对象返回之前执行
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
//把name修改为itheima
modelAndView.addObject("name","itheima");
System.out.println("postHandle...");
}
//在整个流程都执行完毕后执行
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
}
}
拦截器2,MyInterceptor2:
public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
//在目标方法之前执行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle222222...");
return true;
}
//在目标方法执行之后,视图对象返回之前执行
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle222222222...");
}
//在整个流程都执行完毕后执行
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion2222222...");
}
}
spring-mvc.xml,配置两个拦截器:
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--对哪些资源执行拦截操作-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.itheima.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--对哪些资源执行拦截操作-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.itheima.interceptor.MyInterceptor2"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/target?param=yes
浏览器得到:Hello World!itheima
控制台输出:preHandle…
preHandle222222…
目标资源执行…
postHandle222222222…
postHandle…
afterCompletion2222222…
afterCompletion…
观察这个顺序,先执行拦截器1的preHandle,再执行2的preHandle,然后执行target
而postHandle和afterCompletion则是先执行2再执行1,这个顺序可以理解为栈的操作,谁先执行则看配置文件中拦截器的配置谁在前谁先执行。
4.springboot配置拦截器
自定义的拦截器
package com.urovo.interceptor;
/**
* api 拦截器
*/
@Slf4j
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) throws Exception {
return true;
}
}
在config包下面建立 WebMvcConfig .java
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(loginInterceptor())
// 拦截规则 ,拦截那些路径
.addPathPatterns("/**")
// 那些路径不拦截
.excludePathPatterns("/user/login","/error");
}
@Bean
public LoginInterceptor loginInterceptor(){
return new LoginInterceptor();
}
}