SSM_spring学习笔记
Bean实例化三种方式:
1、无参构造方法实例化
创建新的UserDaoImpl类:
package com.itssm.dao.impl;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("save running..");
}
}
Xml:
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
测试类:
package com.itssm;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserDao userDao = (UserDao) app.getBean("userDao");
userDao.save();
}
}
2、工厂静态方法实例化 创建新的静态工厂类:
package com.itssm.factory;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
public class StaticFactory {
public static UserDao getUserDao(){
return new UserDaoImpl();
}
}
Xml文档:
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>
3、工厂实例方法实例化 创建新的工厂类DynamicFactory:
package com.itssm.factory;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
public class DynamicFactory {
public UserDao getUserDao(){
return new UserDaoImpl();
}
}
Xml:
<bean id="factory" class="com.itssm.factory.DynamicFactory"></bean>
<bean id="userDao" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>
通过配置文件进行依赖注入 1、通过set方法进行注入
案例:UserService类中注入UserDao类
Userservice类:
package com.itssm.service.impl;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.itssm.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
public UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void save() {
userDao.save();
}
}
Xml类:
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDao" ref ="userDao"></property>
</bean>
name表示:userServiceImpl中的setUserDao方法,其中UserDao需要改为小写
Ref表示:注入到的id为userDao即上方
UserController类:
package com.itssm.demo;
import com.itssm.service.UserService;
import com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserController {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userservice = (UserService)app.getBean("userservice");
userservice.save();
}
2、p命名空间注入:
如上者基本相同,Xml修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- <bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>-->
<!-- <bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">-->
<!-- <property name="userDao" ref ="userDao"></property>-->
<!-- </bean>-->
<bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" p:userDao-ref="userDao"/>
<!--<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>-->
<!--<bean id="factory" class="com.itssm.factory.DynamicFactory"></bean>
<bean id="userDao" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>-->
</beans>
3、利用有参数构造方法进行注入:
UserService 修改为:
package com.itssm.service.impl;
import com.itssm.dao.UserDao;
import com.itssm.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
public UserDao userDao;
// public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
// this.userDao = userDao;
// }
public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public UserServiceImpl() {
}
public void save() {
userDao.save();
}
}
Xml类:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<!-- <bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">-->
<!-- <property name="userDao" ref ="userDao"></property>-->
<!-- </bean>-->
<bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--<bean id="userService" class="com.itssm.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" p:userDao-ref="userDao"/>-->
<!--<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>-->
<!--<bean id="factory" class="com.itssm.factory.DynamicFactory"></bean>
<bean id="userDao" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUserDao"></bean>-->
</beans>
表示为用构造方法进行注入,name为service构造方法中的形参参数对象
Ref同指上述id userDao。
普通属性的注入:例setUserDao(String username)
其username注入:
Xml类:
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itssm.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="username" value="zhangsan"></property>
</bean>
引用数据和集合数据注入:
Xml:
根据数据类型使用相应的子标签:
对应普通值
链表
Sping 引入其他配置文件(分模块开发)
**实际开发过程中,Spring的配置内容非常多,内容体积十分庞大,因此在开发过程中,我们需要有目的的将部分配置按照合适的方式进行拆解,并通过spring主配置文件的import进行加载
<import resource="applicationContext-user.xml"/>
<bean>标签
id属性:在容器中Bean实例的唯一标识,不允许重复
class属性:要实例化的Bean的全限定名
scope属性:Bean的作用范围,常用是Singleton(默认)和prototype
<property>标签:属性注入
name属性:属性名称
value属性:注入的普通属性值
ref属性:注入的对象引用值
<list>标签
<map>标签
<properties>标签
<constructor-arg>标签
<import>标签:导入其他的Spring的分文件
相关API
1、ApplicatiContext实现类
1)ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
它是从类的根路径下加载配置文件 推荐使用这种
2)FileSystemXmlApplicationContext
它是从磁盘路径上加载配置文件,配置文件可以在磁盘的任意位置。
3)AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
当使用注解配置容器对象时,需要使用此类来创建 spring 容器。它用来读取注解。
数据源的手动创建(c3p0和durid):
测试类DataSourceTest:
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DataSources;
import com.sun.javaws.security.AppContextUtil;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class DataSourceTest {
@Test
//手动创建数据源,测试spring容器去测试spring对象
public void test() throws Exception {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext1.xml");
DataSource dataSource = app.getBean(DataSource.class);//DataSource.class特指此xml文件中代表的类的类型(容器中有唯一对象时可以使用)
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception{
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext1.xml");
DruidDataSource dataSource = (DruidDataSource) app.getBean("dataSource2");//dataSource2特指容器中id可以在单一或多个对象中使用
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
// dataSource.setDriverClassName();
// dataSource.setUrl();
// dataSource.setUsername();
// dataSource.setPassword();
}
Xml类:
<bean id="dataSource1" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource2" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"><!--引入不同数据源的包-->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property><!--四个name中的元素代表了在创建数据源对象后其set方法所对应的名称及参数-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
将相关的参数配置文件拆分写入properties文件:
Jdbc.properties:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
Xml类修改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--加载外部的properti文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource1" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource2" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"><!---->
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
Spring原始注解:
注解 说明
@Component 使用在类上用于实例化Bean
@Controller 使用在web层类上用于实例化Bean
@Service 使用在service层类上用于实例化Bean
@Repository 使用在dao层类上用于实例化Bean
@Autowired 使用在字段上用于根据类型依赖注入
@Qualifier 结合@Autowired一起使用用于根据名称进行依赖注入
@Resource 相当于@Autowired+@Qualifier,按照名称进行注入
@Value 注入普通属性
@Scope 标注Bean的作用范围
@PostConstruct 使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的初始化方法
@PreDestroy 使用在方法上标注该方法是Bean的销毁方法
Spring新注解
使用上面的注解还不能全部替代xml配置文件,还需要使用注解替代的配置如下:
非自定义的Bean的配置:<bean>
加载properties文件的配置:<context:property-placeholder>
组件扫描的配置:<context:component-scan>
引入其他文件:<import>
注解 说明
@Configuration 用于指定当前类是一个 Spring 配置类,当创建容器时会从该类上加载注解
@ComponentScan 用于指定 Spring 在初始化容器时要扫描的包。
作用和在 Spring 的 xml 配置文件中的
<context:component-scan base-package=“com.itheima”/>一样
@Bean 使用在方法上,标注将该方法的返回值存储到 Spring 容器中
@PropertySource 用于加载.properties 文件中的配置
@Import 用于导入其他配置类
新注解开发详解:
package com.itssm.config;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
//标志该类是Spring的核心配置类
@Configuration
//<context:component-scan base-package="com.itssm"/>
@ComponentScan("com.itssm")
//<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
//<import resource=""/>
//@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class)
public class SpringCofiguration {
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean("dataSource")//Spring会将当前方法的返回值以指定名称存储到Spring容器当中
public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
}
未完待补充…