1.TCP流程
2.TCP详细分析
2.1 TCP缓冲区
首先复习下标准IO与系统调用IO的工作流程,配图为网上摘取
buffer是从
3.1 传递时间示例代码
tcpserver.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define bakc_log 50
#define praddr_size 50
#define buffer_size 1024
static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
int len;
char buffer[buffer_size];
len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));
if(send(sockfd, buffer, len, 0)<0)
{
perror("send");
exit(1);
}
}
int main()
{
int sd,std;
int flag;
pid_t pid;
char p_raddr[praddr_size];
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);
socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);
sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
{
perror("setsocket");
exit(1);
}
if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sd,bakc_log)<0)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
//accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
std = accept(sd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize); //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
if(std < 0)
{
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
pid = fork(); //并发的时候,应该注意:fork之后,子进程和父进程均有已连接描述符和监听描述符,父进程中需close已连接描述符
//,将引用计数减为0
if(pid == 0)
{
close(sd);
inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,praddr_size);
fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));
server_job(std);
close(std);
exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
}
close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
tcpclient.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
FILE* fp;
long long stamp;
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
if(argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"argc");
exit(1);
}
int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0) //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
//一切皆文件
fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd
// fileno(fp)与之相反,是FILE*转成fd
if(fp==NULL)
{
perror("fdopen");
exit(1);
}
if(fscanf(fp,FMT_STAMP,&stamp)<1) //返回成功读取的个数,这里只有一个item,正确为1
{
fprintf(stderr,"error FMT_STAMP");
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr,"stamp = %lld\n",stamp);
}
fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp
exit(0);
}
proto.h
#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__
#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"
#endif
3.2 传递图片代码
tcpserver.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define bakc_log 50
#define praddr_size 50
#define buffer_size 1024
static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
int len;
char buffer[buffer_size];
size_t num;
FILE* fp;
//len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));
fp = fopen("/home/qianchen/Pictures/muniao.jpg","r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
perror("fopen error");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
num = fread(buffer,1,buffer_size,fp);
if(num == 0)
{
perror("fread error");
break;
}
if(send(sockfd, buffer, num, 0)<0) //输出重定向./tcpclient 127.0.0.1 > /home/qianchen/Videos/tcp/1.jpg
{
perror("send");
exit(1);
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
int main()
{
int sd,std;
int flag;
pid_t pid;
char p_raddr[praddr_size];
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);
socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);
sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
{
perror("setsocket");
exit(1);
}
if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sd,bakc_log)<0)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
//accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
std = accept(sd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize); //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
if(std < 0)
{
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
pid = fork(); //并发的时候,应该注意:fork之后,子进程和父进程均有已连接描述符和监听描述符,父进程中需close已连接描述符
//,将引用计数减为0
if(pid == 0)
{
close(sd);
inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,praddr_size);
fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));
server_job(std);
close(std);
exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
}
close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
tcpclient.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
#define JPGBUFFERSIZE 1024
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
FILE* fp;
size_t num;
long long stamp;
char jpgbuffer[JPGBUFFERSIZE];
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
if(argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"argc error\n");
exit(1);
}
int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0) //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
//一切皆文件
fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd
if(fp==NULL)
{
perror("fdopen");
exit(1);
}
fprintf(stderr,"Let's go!\n");
while(1)
{
num = fread(jpgbuffer,1,JPGBUFFERSIZE,fp);
if(num==0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"fread");
break;
}
fwrite(jpgbuffer,1,num,stdout);
fprintf(stderr,"end\n");
}
fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp
exit(0);
}
proto.h
#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__
#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"
#endif
3.3 静态进程池tcp连接
tcppoolserver.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define POOL_SIZE 3
#define BAKC_LOG 50
#define PRADDER_SIZE 50
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int sd;
int flag;
pid_t pid;
char p_raddr[PRADDER_SIZE];
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);
static void do_it(int sockfd);
static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
int len;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t num;
len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));
if(send(sockfd,buffer,len,0)<0)
{
perror("send");
exit(1);
}
}
int main()
{
laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);
sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
{
perror("setsocket");
exit(1);
}
if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sd,BAKC_LOG)<0) //多个c端握手,内核保证BAKC_LOG大小的两个队列,进行握手
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
for(int i=0; i<POOL_SIZE; i++) //产生静态进程池,用这三个进程处理
{
pid = fork();
if(pid<0)
{
perror("fork");
exit(1);
}
if(pid == 0)
{
do_it(sd);
exit(0);
}
}
for(int i=0; i<POOL_SIZE; i++)
{
wait(NULL);
}
close(sd);
exit(0);
}
static void do_it(int sockfd)
{
int std;
while(1)
{
//accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
std = accept(sockfd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize); //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
if(std < 0)
{
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
//close(sockfd); 注意,这里不能close(sockfd),否则在while里,运行POOL_SIZE次后,fd会被close掉
inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,PRADDER_SIZE);
fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d, pid is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port),getpid());
server_job(std);
close(std);
//exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
}
// }
// close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
}
tcppollclient.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
FILE* fp;
long long stamp;
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
if(argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"argc");
exit(1);
}
int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0) //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
{
perror("connect");
exit(1);
}
//一切皆文件
fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd
if(fp==NULL)
{
perror("fdopen");
exit(1);
}
if(fscanf(fp,FMT_STAMP,&stamp)<1) //返回成功读取的个数,这里只有一个item,正确为1
{
fprintf(stderr,"error FMT_STAMP");
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr,"stamp = %lld\n",stamp);
}
fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp
exit(0);
}
#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__
#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"
#endif
3.4 TCP动态进程池
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define MINIDLENUM 5
#define MAXIDLENUM 10
#define MAXCLIENT 20
#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
#define SIG_NOTIFY SIGUSR1
#define RADDR_BUFSIZE 40
enum st_state
{
ST_IDEL=0,
ST_BUSY
};
struct server_st
{
pid_t pid;
int state;
};
static struct server_st *serverpool;
static int idle_count=0,busy_count=0;
int sd;
socklen_t raddr_len;
char linebuffer[BUFFERSIZE];
struct sockaddr_in raddr;
char raddr_buffer[RADDR_BUFSIZE];
static int addserver();
static int delserver();
static void server_jod(int a);
static void fun_notify();
static int scan_pool();
int main()
{
int flag = 1;
struct sigaction sa_usr1,sa_ch,sa_cho;
struct sockaddr_in laddr;
sigset_t sig_set,sig_old;
laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",(void*)&laddr.sin_addr);
sa_usr1.sa_handler = fun_notify;
sigemptyset(&sa_usr1.sa_mask) ;
sa_usr1.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIG_NOTIFY,&sa_usr1,&sa_cho);
sa_ch.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
sigemptyset(&sa_ch.sa_mask);
sa_ch.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDWAIT; // 类似于detach,子进程进入僵尸态后,系统自动回收,不用wait
sigaction(SIGCHLD,&sa_ch,&sa_cho);
sigemptyset(&sig_set);
sigaddset(&sig_set,SIG_NOTIFY);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK,&sig_set,&sig_old); //进程阻塞了SIG_NOTIFY
serverpool = mmap(NULL, sizeof(struct server_st)*MAXCLIENT, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS,-1,0);//申请内存
if(serverpool == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("mmap");
exit(1);
}
for(int i=0; i<MAXCLIENT; i++)
{
serverpool[i].pid = -1;
}
sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sd<0)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
{
perror("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
if(bind(sd,(void*)&laddr,sizeof(laddr))<0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sd,50)<0)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
for(int i = 0; i<MINIDLENUM; i++)
{
addserver();
}
while(1)
{
sigsuspend(&sig_old);//临时改变mask,同时pause
scan_pool();
if(idle_count>MAXIDLENUM)
{
for(int i=0; i<(idle_count-MAXIDLENUM); i++)
delserver();
}
else if(idle_count < MINIDLENUM)
{
for(int i=0; i<(MINIDLENUM-idle_count); i++)
addserver();
}
for(int i=0; i<MAXCLIENT; i++)
{
if(serverpool[i].pid == -1)
putchar(' ');
else if(serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
putchar('*');
else
putchar('X');
}
putchar('\n');
}
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK,&sig_old,NULL); //恢复原来的屏蔽集
exit(0);
}
static int addserver()
{
pid_t spid;
int slot;
if(idle_count+busy_count>= MAXCLIENT)
return -1;
for(slot=0; slot<MAXCLIENT; slot++)
{
if(serverpool[slot].pid == -1)
{
break;
}
}
serverpool[slot].state = ST_IDEL;
spid = fork();
if(spid < 0)
{ perror("fork");
exit(1);
}
else if(spid == 0)
{
server_jod(slot);
exit(0);
} //父进程负责计数和设置serverpool里元素
idle_count++;
serverpool[slot].pid = spid;
return 0;
}
static int delserver()
{
int i;
if(idle_count == 0)
return -1;
for(i=0; i<MAXCLIENT ;i++)
{
if(serverpool[i].pid != -1 && serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
{
kill(serverpool[i].pid,SIGTERM);
serverpool[i].pid = -1;
idle_count--;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
static void server_jod(int a)
{
int asd;
int num;
int ppid;
ppid = getppid();
while(1)
{
serverpool[a].state = ST_IDEL; //设置属性
// idle_count++;
kill(ppid,SIG_NOTIFY);
asd = accept(sd,(void*)&raddr,&raddr_len);
if(asd < 0)
{
if(errno != EINTR || errno != EAGAIN) //这里注意假错,EINTR和EAGAIN
{
perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
}
serverpool[a].state = ST_BUSY;
// idle_count--;
// busy_count++;
inet_ntop(AF_INET,(void*)&raddr.sin_addr,raddr_buffer,RADDR_BUFSIZE);
// fprintf(stdout,"the client pid is %d, addr is %s, port is %d\n",serverpool[a].pid,raddr_buffer,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));
kill(ppid,SIG_NOTIFY); //给父进程发送消息,让其查看状态
num = sprintf(linebuffer,FMT_STAMP,(long long)time(NULL));
if(send(asd,linebuffer,num,0)<0)
{
perror("send");
exit(1);
}
sleep(5);
close(asd);
// busy_count--;
// idle_count++;
}
}
static void fun_notify()
{
return ;
}
static int scan_pool()
{
int num_idel=0, num_busy=0;
for(int i=0; i< MAXCLIENT; i++)
{
if(serverpool[i].pid == -1)
continue;
if(kill(serverpool[i].pid,0))
{
serverpool[i].pid = -1;
continue;
}
if(serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
num_idel++;
else if(serverpool[i].state == ST_BUSY)
num_busy++;
else
{
fprintf(stderr,"scan_pool error");
abort();
}
}
idle_count = num_idel;
busy_count = num_busy;
return 0;
}