UNP——TCP分析

1.TCP流程

2.TCP详细分析

2.1 TCP缓冲区

首先复习下标准IO与系统调用IO的工作流程,配图为网上摘取
buffer是从
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

3.1 传递时间示例代码

tcpserver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "proto.h"

#define bakc_log 50
#define praddr_size 50
#define buffer_size 1024
static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
    int len;
    char buffer[buffer_size];
    len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));

    if(send(sockfd, buffer, len, 0)<0)
    {
        perror("send");
        exit(1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    int sd,std;
    int flag;
    pid_t pid;
    char p_raddr[praddr_size];
    struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
    laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);

    socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
    socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);
    sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
    {
        perror("setsocket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
    {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(listen(sd,bakc_log)<0)
    {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    while(1)
    {
            //accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
        std = accept(sd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize);  //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
        if(std < 0)
        {
            perror("accept");
            exit(1);
        }
        pid = fork();  //并发的时候,应该注意:fork之后,子进程和父进程均有已连接描述符和监听描述符,父进程中需close已连接描述符
                        //,将引用计数减为0
        if(pid == 0)
        {
            close(sd);
            inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,praddr_size);
            fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));

            server_job(std);
            close(std);
            exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
        }
        close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
    }

    close(sd);
    exit(0);
}

tcpclient.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

    FILE* fp;
    long long stamp;
    struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
    char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
    if(argc < 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"argc");
        exit(1);
    }

    int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
    fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
    if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0)  //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
    {
        perror("connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    //一切皆文件
    fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd
	// fileno(fp)与之相反,是FILE*转成fd
    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        perror("fdopen");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(fscanf(fp,FMT_STAMP,&stamp)<1) //返回成功读取的个数,这里只有一个item,正确为1
    {

        fprintf(stderr,"error FMT_STAMP");
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"stamp = %lld\n",stamp);
    }

    fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp

    exit(0);
}

proto.h

#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__

#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"


#endif 

3.2 传递图片代码

tcpserver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "proto.h"

#define bakc_log 50
#define praddr_size 50
#define buffer_size 1024
static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
    int len;
    char buffer[buffer_size];
    size_t num;
    FILE* fp;
    //len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));
    fp = fopen("/home/qianchen/Pictures/muniao.jpg","r");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
        perror("fopen error");
        exit(1);
    }
    while(1)
    {
        num = fread(buffer,1,buffer_size,fp);
        if(num == 0)
        {
            perror("fread error");
            break;
        }
        if(send(sockfd, buffer, num, 0)<0) //输出重定向./tcpclient 127.0.0.1 > /home/qianchen/Videos/tcp/1.jpg
        {
            perror("send");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    fclose(fp);
}

int main()
{
    int sd,std;
    int flag;
    pid_t pid;
    char p_raddr[praddr_size];
    struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
    laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);

    socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
    socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);
    sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
    {
        perror("setsocket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
    {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(listen(sd,bakc_log)<0)
    {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    while(1)
    {
            //accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
        std = accept(sd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize);  //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
        if(std < 0)
        {
            perror("accept");
            exit(1);
        }
        pid = fork();  //并发的时候,应该注意:fork之后,子进程和父进程均有已连接描述符和监听描述符,父进程中需close已连接描述符
                        //,将引用计数减为0
        if(pid == 0)
        {
            close(sd);
            inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,praddr_size);
            fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));

            server_job(std);
            close(std);
            exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
        }
        close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
    }

    close(sd);
    exit(0);
}

tcpclient.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
#define JPGBUFFERSIZE 1024



int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

    FILE* fp;
    size_t num;
    long long stamp;
    char jpgbuffer[JPGBUFFERSIZE];
    struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
    char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
    if(argc < 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr"argc error\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
    fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
    if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0)  //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
    {
        perror("connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    //一切皆文件
    fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd

    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        perror("fdopen");
        exit(1);
    }
    fprintf(stderr,"Let's go!\n");
    while(1)
    {
        num = fread(jpgbuffer,1,JPGBUFFERSIZE,fp);
        if(num==0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"fread");
            break;
        }    
        fwrite(jpgbuffer,1,num,stdout);
        fprintf(stderr,"end\n");
    }

    fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp

    exit(0);
}

proto.h

#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__

#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"


#endif 

3.3 静态进程池tcp连接

tcppoolserver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include "proto.h"

#define POOL_SIZE 3
#define BAKC_LOG 50
#define PRADDER_SIZE 50
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int sd;
int flag;
pid_t pid;
char p_raddr[PRADDER_SIZE];
struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
socklen_t laddrsize = sizeof(laddr);
socklen_t raddrsize = sizeof(raddr);


static void do_it(int sockfd);

static void server_job(int sockfd)
{
    int len;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
    size_t num;
    len = sprintf(buffer,FMT_STAMP, (long long)time(NULL));
    if(send(sockfd,buffer,len,0)<0)
    {
        perror("send");
        exit(1);
    }
}

int main()
{

    laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    laddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",&laddr.sin_addr);


    sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
    {
        perror("setsocket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(bind(sd, (void*)&laddr, laddrsize)<0)
    {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(listen(sd,BAKC_LOG)<0)  //多个c端握手,内核保证BAKC_LOG大小的两个队列,进行握手
    {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }
    for(int i=0; i<POOL_SIZE; i++)  //产生静态进程池,用这三个进程处理
    {

        pid = fork();
        if(pid<0)
        {
            perror("fork");
            exit(1);
        }
        if(pid == 0)
        {  
            do_it(sd);
            exit(0);
        } 
    }
    for(int i=0; i<POOL_SIZE; i++)
    {
        wait(NULL);
    }



    close(sd);
    exit(0);
}


static void do_it(int sockfd)
{
    int std;
    while(1)
    {	
        //accept返回三个值,std即可能是已连接套接字或错误信息,对端地址,对端地址大小
    std = accept(sockfd, (void*)&raddr,&raddrsize);  //返回值为全新文件描述符,代表与tcp对端连接,已连接描述符
    if(std < 0)
    {
        perror("accept");
        exit(1);
    }

    //close(sockfd); 注意,这里不能close(sockfd),否则在while里,运行POOL_SIZE次后,fd会被close掉
    inet_ntop(AF_INET,&raddr.sin_addr,p_raddr,PRADDER_SIZE);
    fprintf(stderr,"Client addr is %s , port is %d, pid is %d\n",p_raddr,ntohs(raddr.sin_port),getpid());

    server_job(std);
    close(std);
    //exit(0); //子进程结束必须exit0,否则会继续执行
    }
//    }
//    close(std); //此处必须有,计数减为0,然后才会发送FIN,四次分手
}

tcppollclient.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "proto.h"
#define raddr_size 40
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

    FILE* fp;
    long long stamp;
    struct sockaddr_in laddr,raddr;
    char raddr_ip[raddr_size];
    if(argc < 2)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"argc");
        exit(1);
    }

    int sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    raddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    raddr.sin_port = htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&raddr.sin_addr);
    fprintf(stderr,"let's go");
    if(connect(sd,(void*)&raddr,sizeof(raddr))<0)  //conncet开始三次握手,可能出现三种情况1、FIN无ACK,75s后ETIMEOUT
    {
        perror("connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    //一切皆文件
    fp = fdopen(sd,"r+"); //将文件描述符转换成FILE指针打开,这里不能用w,w+,因无需创建fd

    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        perror("fdopen");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(fscanf(fp,FMT_STAMP,&stamp)<1) //返回成功读取的个数,这里只有一个item,正确为1
    {

        fprintf(stderr,"error FMT_STAMP");
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"stamp = %lld\n",stamp);
    }

    fclose(fp); //这里需要关闭fp,因为fdopen已经转成fp

    exit(0);
}

#ifndef PROTO_H__
#define PROTO_H__

#define LOCALPORT 1990
#define FMT_STAMP "%lld\r\n"


#endif 

3.4 TCP动态进程池

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "proto.h"

#define MINIDLENUM 5
#define MAXIDLENUM 10
#define MAXCLIENT 20
#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
#define SIG_NOTIFY SIGUSR1
#define RADDR_BUFSIZE 40
enum st_state
{
    ST_IDEL=0,
    ST_BUSY
};

struct server_st
{
    pid_t pid;
    int state;
};

static struct server_st *serverpool;
static int idle_count=0,busy_count=0;

int sd;
socklen_t raddr_len;
char linebuffer[BUFFERSIZE];
struct sockaddr_in raddr;
char raddr_buffer[RADDR_BUFSIZE];


static int addserver();
static int delserver();
static void server_jod(int a);
static void fun_notify();
static int scan_pool();


int main()
{
    int flag = 1;
    struct sigaction sa_usr1,sa_ch,sa_cho;
    struct sockaddr_in laddr;
    sigset_t sig_set,sig_old;

    laddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    laddr.sin_port =  htons(LOCALPORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"0.0.0.0",(void*)&laddr.sin_addr);

    sa_usr1.sa_handler = fun_notify;
    sigemptyset(&sa_usr1.sa_mask) ;
    sa_usr1.sa_flags = 0;
    sigaction(SIG_NOTIFY,&sa_usr1,&sa_cho);

    sa_ch.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
    sigemptyset(&sa_ch.sa_mask);
    sa_ch.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDWAIT;  // 类似于detach,子进程进入僵尸态后,系统自动回收,不用wait
    sigaction(SIGCHLD,&sa_ch,&sa_cho);

    sigemptyset(&sig_set);
    sigaddset(&sig_set,SIG_NOTIFY);
    sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK,&sig_set,&sig_old); //进程阻塞了SIG_NOTIFY

    
    serverpool = mmap(NULL, sizeof(struct server_st)*MAXCLIENT, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS,-1,0);//申请内存
    if(serverpool == MAP_FAILED)
    {
        perror("mmap");
        exit(1);
    }
    for(int i=0; i<MAXCLIENT; i++)
    {
        serverpool[i].pid = -1;
    }


    sd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sd<0)
    {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(setsockopt(sd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&flag,sizeof(flag))<0)
    {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(1);
    }


    if(bind(sd,(void*)&laddr,sizeof(laddr))<0)
    {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if(listen(sd,50)<0)
    {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    for(int i = 0; i<MINIDLENUM; i++)
    {
        addserver();
    }

    while(1)
    {
        sigsuspend(&sig_old);//临时改变mask,同时pause
        scan_pool();
        if(idle_count>MAXIDLENUM)
        {
            for(int i=0; i<(idle_count-MAXIDLENUM); i++)
                delserver();
        }
        else if(idle_count < MINIDLENUM)
        {
            for(int i=0; i<(MINIDLENUM-idle_count); i++)
                addserver();
        }
        for(int i=0; i<MAXCLIENT; i++)
        {
            if(serverpool[i].pid == -1)
                putchar(' ');
            else if(serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
                putchar('*');
            else
                putchar('X');
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK,&sig_old,NULL); //恢复原来的屏蔽集

    exit(0);
}

static int addserver()
{
    pid_t spid;
    int slot;
    if(idle_count+busy_count>= MAXCLIENT)
        return -1;
    for(slot=0; slot<MAXCLIENT; slot++)
    {
        if(serverpool[slot].pid == -1)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    serverpool[slot].state = ST_IDEL;
    spid = fork();
    if(spid < 0)
    {   perror("fork");
        exit(1);
    } 
    else if(spid == 0)
    {
        server_jod(slot);
        exit(0);
    }               //父进程负责计数和设置serverpool里元素
    idle_count++;
    serverpool[slot].pid = spid;
    
    return 0;

}

static int delserver()
{
    int i;
    if(idle_count == 0)
        return -1;
    for(i=0; i<MAXCLIENT ;i++)
    {
        if(serverpool[i].pid != -1 && serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
        {
            kill(serverpool[i].pid,SIGTERM);
            serverpool[i].pid = -1;
            idle_count--;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void server_jod(int a)
{
    int asd;
    int num;
    int ppid;
    ppid = getppid();
    while(1)
    {
        serverpool[a].state = ST_IDEL; //设置属性
        // idle_count++;

        kill(ppid,SIG_NOTIFY);
        asd = accept(sd,(void*)&raddr,&raddr_len);
        if(asd < 0)
        {
            if(errno != EINTR || errno != EAGAIN) //这里注意假错,EINTR和EAGAIN
            {
                perror("accept");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
        serverpool[a].state = ST_BUSY;
        // idle_count--;
        // busy_count++;
        inet_ntop(AF_INET,(void*)&raddr.sin_addr,raddr_buffer,RADDR_BUFSIZE);
     //   fprintf(stdout,"the client pid is %d, addr is %s, port is %d\n",serverpool[a].pid,raddr_buffer,ntohs(raddr.sin_port));

        kill(ppid,SIG_NOTIFY); //给父进程发送消息,让其查看状态
        num = sprintf(linebuffer,FMT_STAMP,(long long)time(NULL));
        if(send(asd,linebuffer,num,0)<0)
        {
            perror("send");
            exit(1);
        }
        sleep(5);
        close(asd);
        // busy_count--;
        // idle_count++;
    }

}

static void fun_notify()
{
    return ;
}

static int scan_pool()
{
    int num_idel=0, num_busy=0;
    for(int i=0; i< MAXCLIENT; i++)
    {
        if(serverpool[i].pid == -1)
            continue;
        if(kill(serverpool[i].pid,0))
        {
            serverpool[i].pid = -1;
            continue;
        }
        if(serverpool[i].state == ST_IDEL)
            num_idel++;
        else if(serverpool[i].state == ST_BUSY)
            num_busy++;  
        else 
        {    
            fprintf(stderr,"scan_pool error");
            abort();
        }
    }
    idle_count = num_idel;
    busy_count = num_busy;
    return 0;
}

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