4.Numpy创建数组

可以使用以下方法创建数组

numpy.empty

生成一组随机的数组

import numpy as np 
x = np.empty([3,2], dtype = int) 
print (x)

生成一组随机的数组

[[ 6917529027641081856 5764616291768666155]
[ 6917529027641081859 -5764598754299804209]
[ 4497473538 844429428932120]]

numpy.zeros

生成用0填充的数组

import numpy as np
# 默认为浮点数
x = np.zeros(5) 
print(x) 
# 设置类型为整数
y = np.zeros((5,), dtype = np.int) 
print(y)
# 自定义类型
z = np.zeros((2,2), dtype = [('x', 'i4'), ('y', 'i4')])  
print(z)

[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0 0 0 0 0]
[[(0, 0) (0, 0)]
[(0, 0) (0, 0)]]

numpy.ones

生成用1填充的的数组

import numpy as np 
# 默认为浮点数
x = np.ones(5) 
print(x) 
# 自定义类型
x = np.ones([2,2], dtype = int)
print(x)

[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[[1 1]
[1 1]]

numpy.asarray

从已有的数组创建数组

将列表转换为 ndarray

import numpy as np  
x =  [1,2,3] 
a = np.asarray(x)  
print (a)

[1 2 3]

将元组转换为ndarray

import numpy as np  
x =  (1,2,3) 
a = np.asarray(x)  
print (a)

[1 2 3]

将元组列表转换为 ndarray

import numpy as np 
x =  [(1,2,3),(4,5)] 
a = np.asarray(x)  
print (a)

[(1, 2, 3) (4, 5)]

numpy.arange

生成 0 到 5 的数组

import numpy as np
x = np.arange(5)  
print (x)

[0 1 2 3 4]

设置了起始值、终止值及步长

import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10,20,2)  
print (x)

[10 12 14 16 18]

numpy.linspace

和上面有些类似，这是返回一个等差数列构成的数组

np.linspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, retstep=False, dtype=None)

import numpy as np
a = np.linspace(10, 20,  5, endpoint =  False)  
print(a)

[10. 12. 14. 16. 18.]

numpy.logspace

这是创建一个等比数组

np.logspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, base=10.0, dtype=None)

import numpy as np
# 默认底数是 10
a = np.logspace(1.0,  2.0, num =  10)  
print (a)

[ 10. 12.91549665 16.68100537 21.5443469 27.82559402
35.93813664 46.41588834 59.94842503 77.42636827 100. ]