C++学习笔记基础篇28——子类的构造函数与析构函数

1 如果子类没有显示的调用父类的构造函数，那么默认会调用父类无参的构造函数！！！
2 如果父类只提供了有参数的构造函数，那么子类在默认情况下调用父类的无参构造函数时就会报错！

class CXiaoStudent : public CStudent
{
public:
    int yuwen_score;
    int shuxue_score;
    int english_score;

    CXiaoStudent() : CStudent("zhangsan", 'm', 1001, 20)
    {
        yuwen_score = 2;
        shuxue_score = 0;
        english_score = 0;

        flag_private = 0;
        flag_protected = 0;
    }

private:
    int flag_private;

protected:
    int flag_protected;
};

由子类对象给父类对象赋值是可以的，俗称大材小用。在赋值的时候会舍弃子类的新增成员
由父类的对象给子类的对象赋值是不允许的，会出现填不满的不可预知行为

完整程序

涉及到父类对象与子类对象之间的相互转换的应用

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

enum EStudentType
{
	EStudentType_Error = 0,
	EStudentType_Xiao = 1,
	EStudentType_Zhong = 2,
};
class CStudent
{
public:
	char *p_name;
	char sex;
	int num;
	int age;
	static int master;
	EStudentType type;
	CStudent(){ type = EStudentType_Error; };
	CStudent(char* pname, char t_sex, int t_num, int t_age) :sex(t_sex), num(t_num), age(t_age)
	{
		type = EStudentType_Error;
		p_name = NULL;
		int n_len = 0;
		if (pname)
		{
			n_len = strlen(pname);
		}

		if (n_len > 0)
		{
			p_name = new char[n_len + 1];
			memset(p_name, 0, n_len + 1);
			strcpy(p_name, pname);
		}
	}
	CStudent(const CStudent& stud)
	{
		type = EStudentType_Error;
		int n_len = 0;
		n_len = strlen(stud.p_name);
		p_name = new char[n_len + 1];
		memset(p_name, 0, n_len + 1);
		strcpy(p_name, stud.p_name);
		num = stud.num;
		age = stud.age;
		sex = stud.sex;
	}
	CStudent& operator=(const CStudent& stud)
	{
		type = EStudentType_Error;
		int n_len = 0;
		n_len = strlen(stud.p_name);
		p_name = new char[n_len + 1];
		memset(p_name, 0, n_len + 1);
		strcpy(p_name, stud.p_name);
		num = stud.num;
		age = stud.age;
		sex = stud.sex;
		return *this;
	}
	bool operator==(const CStudent& stud)
	{
		int n_len = 0;
		n_len = strlen(stud.p_name);
		if ((num == stud.num) && (age == stud.age) && (sex == stud.sex) && (*p_name == *stud.p_name))
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < n_len;i++)
			{
				if (*(p_name+i )!= *(stud.p_name+i))
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}

	}
	~CStudent();
};
CStudent::~CStudent()
{
	if (p_name)
	{
		delete[] p_name;
		p_name = NULL;
	}
}

int CStudent::master = 0;

class CXiaoStudent : public CStudent
{
public:
	int yuwen_score;
	int shuxue_score;
	int english_score;

	CXiaoStudent() : CStudent("zhangsan", 'm', 1001, 20)
	{

		yuwen_score = 2;
		shuxue_score = 0;
		english_score = 0;
		type = EStudentType_Xiao;

	}
	~CXiaoStudent()
	{
		cout <<"析构了" << endl;
	}

};

class CZhongStudent : public CXiaoStudent
{
public:
	int wuli_score;
	int huaxue_score;

	CZhongStudent()
	{
		type = EStudentType_Zhong;
		wuli_score = 0;
		huaxue_score = 0;
	}
	~CZhongStudent()
	{
		cout << "析构了" << endl;
	}
};
void average_age(CStudent* p_arr_stud, int n_size)
{
	if (!p_arr_stud || n_size <= 0) return;

	int total_age = 0;
	EStudentType type = p_arr_stud[0].type;
	for (int idx = 0; idx < n_size; ++idx)
	{
		switch (type)
		{
		case EStudentType_Xiao:
			total_age += ((CXiaoStudent*)p_arr_stud)[idx].age;
			break;
		case EStudentType_Zhong:
			total_age += ((CZhongStudent*)p_arr_stud)[idx].age;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}

	int aver_age = total_age / n_size;
	switch (type)
	{
	case EStudentType_Xiao:
		cout << "小学生的平均年龄是：" << aver_age << endl;
		break;
	case EStudentType_Zhong:
		cout << "中学生的平均年龄是：" << aver_age << endl;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}



void test()
{
	CXiaoStudent arr_stud[3];
	arr_stud[0].age = 20;
	arr_stud[1].age = 16;
	arr_stud[2].age = 18;
	average_age(arr_stud, 3);
	//cout << zhangshan.p_name << endl;

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}