原生ajax
get
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AJAX GET 请求</title>
<style>
#result{
width:200px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #90b;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
//获取button元素
const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
const result = document.getElementById("result");
//绑定事件
btn.onclick = function(){
//1. 创建对象
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//2. 初始化 设置请求方法和 url
xhr.open('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/server?a=100&b=200&c=300');
//3. 发送
xhr.send();
//4. 事件绑定 处理服务端返回的结果
// on when 当....时候
// readystate 是 xhr 对象中的属性, 表示状态 0 1 2 3 4
// change 改变
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
//判断 (服务端返回了所有的结果)
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
//判断响应状态码 200 404 403 401 500
// 2xx 成功
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
//处理结果 行 头 空行 体
//响应
// console.log(xhr.status);//状态码
// console.log(xhr.statusText);//状态字符串
// console.log(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders());//所有响应头
// console.log(xhr.response);//响应体
//设置 result 的文本
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}else{
console.log('请求失败');
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
post
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AJAX POST 请求</title>
<style>
#result{
width:200px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #903;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
//获取元素对象
const result = document.getElementById("result");
//绑定事件
result.addEventListener("mouseover", function(){
//1. 创建对象
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//2. 初始化 设置类型与 URL
xhr.open('POST', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/server');
//设置请求头
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
//自定义请求头需要后端处理一下 加一个这个 response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
xhr.setRequestHeader('name','baidu');
//3. 发送
xhr.send('a=100&b=200&c=300');
// xhr.send('a:100&b:200&c:300');
// xhr.send('1233211234567');
//4. 事件绑定
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
//判断
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
//处理服务端返回的结果
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
json
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>JSON响应</title>
<style>
#result{
width:200px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #89b;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const result = document.getElementById('result');
//绑定键盘按下事件
window.onkeydown = function(){
//发送请求
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//设置响应体数据的类型 就可以实现自动转换(字符串-->js对象)
xhr.responseType = 'json';
//初始化
xhr.open('GET','http://127.0.0.1:8000/json-server');
//发送
xhr.send();
//事件绑定
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
//
// console.log(xhr.response);
// result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
// 1. 手动对数据转化
// let data = JSON.parse(xhr.response);
// console.log(data);
// result.innerHTML = data.name;
// 2. 自动转换
console.log(xhr.response);
result.innerHTML = xhr.response.name;
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
IE缓存问题
加时间戳解决ie缓存问题
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>IE缓存问题</title>
<style>
#result {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: solid 1px #258;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
const result = document.querySelector('#result');
btn.addEventListener('click', function () {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//加时间戳解决ie缓存问题
xhr.open("GET", 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/ie?t=' + Date.now());
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
超时与网络异常
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>请求超时与网络异常</title>
<style>
#result{
width:200px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #90b;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
const result = document.querySelector('#result');
btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//超时设置 2s 设置
xhr.timeout = 2000;
//超时回调
xhr.ontimeout = function(){
alert("网络异常, 请稍后重试!!");
}
//网络异常回调
xhr.onerror = function(){
alert("你的网络似乎出了一些问题!");
}
xhr.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status< 300){
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
取消请求
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>取消请求</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送</button>
<button>点击取消</button>
<script>
//获取元素对象
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
let x = null;
btns[0].onclick = function(){
x = new XMLHttpRequest();
x.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
x.send();
}
// abort
btns[1].onclick = function(){
x.abort();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
重复请求问题
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>重复请求问题</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送</button>
<script>
//获取元素对象
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
let x = null;
//标识变量
let isSending = false; // 是否正在发送AJAX请求
btns[0].onclick = function(){
//判断标识变量
if(isSending) x.abort();// 如果正在发送, 则取消该请求, 创建一个新的请求
x = new XMLHttpRequest();
//修改 标识变量的值
isSending = true;
x.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
x.send();
x.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(x.readyState === 4){
//修改标识变量
isSending = false;
}
}
}
// abort
btns[1].onclick = function(){
x.abort();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
JQuery-ajax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>jQuery 发送 AJAX 请求</title>
<link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h2 class="page-header">jQuery发送AJAX请求 </h2>
<button class="btn btn-primary">GET</button>
<button class="btn btn-danger">POST</button>
<button class="btn btn-info">通用型方法ajax</button>
</div>
<script>
//第四个参数是响应体类型 加了json之后,得到的结果就是一个js对象,反之就是一个字符串
$('button').eq(0).click(function(){
$.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {a:100, b:200}, function(data){
console.log(data);
},'json');
});
$('button').eq(1).click(function(){
$.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {a:100, b:200}, function(data){
console.log(data);
});
});
$('button').eq(2).click(function(){
$.ajax({
//url
url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server',
//参数
data: {a:100, b:200},
//请求类型
type: 'GET',
//响应体结果
dataType: 'json',
//成功的回调
success: function(data){
console.log(data);
},
//超时时间
timeout: 2000,
//失败的回调 超时/网络错误都会执行此回调
error: function(){
console.log('出错啦!!');
},
//头信息
headers: {
c:300,
d:400
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
axios
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>axios 发送 AJAX请求</title>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.19.2/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<button>GET</button>
<button>POST</button>
<button>AJAX</button>
<script>
// https://github.com/axios/axios
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
//配置 baseURL
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000';
btns[0].onclick = function () {
//GET 请求
//axios基于Promise的
axios.get('/axios-server', {
//url 参数
params: {
id: 100,
vip: 7
},
//请求头信息
headers: {
name: 'atguigu',
age: 20
}
}).then(value => {
console.log(value);
});
}
btns[1].onclick = function () {
//post请求方法第二个参数是请求体,第三个参数是其他设置
axios.post('/axios-server', {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}, {
//url
params: {
id: 200,
vip: 9
},
//请求头参数
headers: {
height: 180,
weight: 180,
}
});
}
btns[2].onclick = function(){
axios({
//请求方法
method : 'POST',
//url
url: '/axios-server',
//url参数
params: {
vip:10,
level:30
},
//头信息
headers: {
a:100,
b:200
},
//请求体参数
data: {
username: 'admin',
password: 'admin'
}
}).then(response=>{
//响应状态码
console.log(response.status);
//响应状态字符串
console.log(response.statusText);
//响应头信息
console.log(response.headers);
//响应体
console.log(response.data);
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
fetch
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>fetch 发送 AJAX请求</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>AJAX请求</button>
<script>
//文档地址
//https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/fetch
const btn = document.querySelector('button');
btn.onclick = function(){
fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/fetch-server?vip=10', {
//请求方法
method: 'POST',
//请求头
headers: {
name:'baidu'
},
//请求体
body: 'username=admin&password=admin'
}).then(response => {
// return response.text();
return response.json();
}).then(response=>{
console.log(response);
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
跨域问题
JSONP原理
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>原理演示</title>
<style>
#result {
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
border: solid 1px #78a;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
//处理数据
function handle(data) {
//获取 result 元素
const result = document.getElementById('result');
result.innerHTML = data.name;
}
</script>
<script src="http://127.0.0.1:8000/jsonp-server"></script>
//上面的script返回的响应内容是: handle(xxx)
</body>
</html>
JSONP实践
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>案例</title>
</head>
<body>
用户名: <input type="text" id="username">
<p></p>
<script>
//获取 input 元素
const input = document.querySelector('input');
const p = document.querySelector('p');
//声明 handle 函数
function handle(data){
input.style.border = "solid 1px #f00";
//修改 p 标签的提示文本
p.innerHTML = data.msg;
}
//绑定事件
input.onblur = function(){
//获取用户的输入值
let username = this.value;
//向服务器端发送请求 检测用户名是否存在
//1. 创建 script 标签
const script = document.createElement('script');
//2. 设置标签的 src 属性
script.src = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/check-username';
//3. 将 script 插入到文档中
document.body.appendChild(script);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
JQuery-JSONP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>jQuery-jsonp</title>
<style>
#result{
width:300px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #089;
}
</style>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src='https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.5.0/jquery.min.js'></script>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送 jsonp 请求</button>
<div id="result">
</div>
<script>
$('button').eq(0).click(function(){
$.getJSON('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-jsonp-server?callback=?', function(data){
$('#result').html(`
名称: ${data.name}<br>
校区: ${data.city}
`)
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
CORS
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>CORS</title>
<style>
#result{
width:200px;
height:100px;
border:solid 1px #90b;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const btn = document.querySelector('button');
btn.onclick = function(){
//1. 创建对象
const x = new XMLHttpRequest();
//2. 初始化设置
x.open("GET", "http://127.0.0.1:8000/cors-server");
//3. 发送
x.send();
//4. 绑定事件
x.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(x.readyState === 4){
if(x.status >= 200 && x.status < 300){
//输出响应体
console.log(x.response);
}
}
}
//下面这些是在服务器端设置
//允许跨域资源共享
//response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
//允许自定义请求头
//response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", '*');
//允许put,delete等方式的请求
//response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Method", '*');
// response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "http://127.0.0.1:5500");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>