ajax笔记

原生ajax

get

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>AJAX GET 请求</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:200px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #90b;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <button>点击发送请求</button>
    <div id="result"></div>

    <script>
        //获取button元素
        const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
        const result = document.getElementById("result");
        //绑定事件
        btn.onclick = function(){
            //1. 创建对象
            const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //2. 初始化 设置请求方法和 url
            xhr.open('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/server?a=100&b=200&c=300');
            //3. 发送
            xhr.send();
            //4. 事件绑定 处理服务端返回的结果
            // on  when 当....时候
            // readystate 是 xhr 对象中的属性, 表示状态 0 1 2 3 4
            // change  改变
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
                //判断 (服务端返回了所有的结果)
                if(xhr.readyState === 4){
                    //判断响应状态码 200  404  403 401 500
                    // 2xx 成功
                    if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
                        //处理结果  行 头 空行 体
                        //响应 
                        // console.log(xhr.status);//状态码
                        // console.log(xhr.statusText);//状态字符串
                        // console.log(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders());//所有响应头
                        // console.log(xhr.response);//响应体
                        //设置 result 的文本
                        result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
                    }else{
						console.log('请求失败');
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

post

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>AJAX POST 请求</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:200px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #903;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        //获取元素对象
        const result = document.getElementById("result");
        //绑定事件
        result.addEventListener("mouseover", function(){
            //1. 创建对象
            const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //2. 初始化 设置类型与 URL
            xhr.open('POST', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/server');
            //设置请求头
            xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
            //自定义请求头需要后端处理一下  加一个这个 response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
			xhr.setRequestHeader('name','baidu');
            //3. 发送
            xhr.send('a=100&b=200&c=300');
            // xhr.send('a:100&b:200&c:300');
            // xhr.send('1233211234567');
            
            //4. 事件绑定
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
                //判断
                if(xhr.readyState === 4){
                    if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
                        //处理服务端返回的结果
                        result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

json

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>JSON响应</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:200px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #89b;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        const result = document.getElementById('result');
        //绑定键盘按下事件
        window.onkeydown = function(){
            //发送请求
            const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //设置响应体数据的类型  就可以实现自动转换(字符串-->js对象)
            xhr.responseType = 'json';
            //初始化
            xhr.open('GET','http://127.0.0.1:8000/json-server');
            //发送
            xhr.send();
            //事件绑定
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
                if(xhr.readyState === 4){
                    if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
                        //
                        // console.log(xhr.response);
                        // result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
                        // 1. 手动对数据转化
                        // let data = JSON.parse(xhr.response);
                        // console.log(data);
                        // result.innerHTML = data.name;
                        // 2. 自动转换
                        console.log(xhr.response);
                        result.innerHTML = xhr.response.name;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

IE缓存问题

加时间戳解决ie缓存问题

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>IE缓存问题</title>
    <style>
        #result {
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            border: solid 1px #258;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <button>点击发送请求</button>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
        const result = document.querySelector('#result');

        btn.addEventListener('click', function () {
            const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //加时间戳解决ie缓存问题
            xhr.open("GET", 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/ie?t=' + Date.now());
            xhr.send();
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
                if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
                    if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
                        result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

超时与网络异常

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>请求超时与网络异常</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:200px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #90b;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <button>点击发送请求</button>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
        const result = document.querySelector('#result');

        btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
            const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //超时设置 2s 设置
            xhr.timeout = 2000;
            //超时回调
            xhr.ontimeout = function(){
                alert("网络异常, 请稍后重试!!");
            }
            //网络异常回调
            xhr.onerror = function(){
                alert("你的网络似乎出了一些问题!");
            }

            xhr.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
            xhr.send();
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
                if(xhr.readyState === 4){
                    if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status< 300){
                        result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

取消请求

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>取消请求</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button>点击发送</button>
    <button>点击取消</button>
    <script>
        //获取元素对象
        const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
        let x = null;

        btns[0].onclick = function(){
            x = new XMLHttpRequest();
            x.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
            x.send();
        }

        // abort
        btns[1].onclick = function(){
            x.abort();
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

重复请求问题

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>重复请求问题</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button>点击发送</button>
    <script>
        //获取元素对象
        const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
        let x = null;
        //标识变量
        let isSending = false; // 是否正在发送AJAX请求

        btns[0].onclick = function(){
            //判断标识变量
            if(isSending) x.abort();// 如果正在发送, 则取消该请求, 创建一个新的请求
            x = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //修改 标识变量的值
            isSending = true;
            x.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
            x.send();
            x.onreadystatechange = function(){
                if(x.readyState === 4){
                    //修改标识变量
                    isSending = false;
                }
            }
        }

        // abort
        btns[1].onclick = function(){
            x.abort();
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

JQuery-ajax

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>jQuery 发送 AJAX 请求</title>
    <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <h2 class="page-header">jQuery发送AJAX请求 </h2>
        <button class="btn btn-primary">GET</button>
        <button class="btn btn-danger">POST</button>
        <button class="btn btn-info">通用型方法ajax</button>
    </div>
    <script>
		//第四个参数是响应体类型  加了json之后,得到的结果就是一个js对象,反之就是一个字符串
        $('button').eq(0).click(function(){
            $.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {a:100, b:200}, function(data){
                console.log(data);
            },'json');
        });

        $('button').eq(1).click(function(){
            $.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {a:100, b:200}, function(data){
                console.log(data);
            });
        });

        $('button').eq(2).click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                //url
                url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server',
                //参数
                data: {a:100, b:200},
                //请求类型
                type: 'GET',
                //响应体结果
                dataType: 'json',
                //成功的回调
                success: function(data){
                    console.log(data);
                },
                //超时时间
                timeout: 2000,
                //失败的回调 超时/网络错误都会执行此回调
                error: function(){
                    console.log('出错啦!!');
                },
                //头信息
                headers: {
                    c:300,
                    d:400
                }
            });
        });

    </script>
</body>
</html>

axios

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>axios 发送 AJAX请求</title>
    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.19.2/axios.js"></script>
</head>

<body>
    <button>GET</button>
    <button>POST</button>
    <button>AJAX</button>

    <script>
        // https://github.com/axios/axios
        const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');

        //配置 baseURL
        axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000';

        btns[0].onclick = function () {
            //GET 请求
			//axios基于Promise的
            axios.get('/axios-server', {
                //url 参数
                params: {
                    id: 100,
                    vip: 7
                },
                //请求头信息
                headers: {
                    name: 'atguigu',
                    age: 20
                }
            }).then(value => {
                console.log(value);
            });
        }

        btns[1].onclick = function () {
			//post请求方法第二个参数是请求体,第三个参数是其他设置
            axios.post('/axios-server', {
                username: 'admin',
                password: 'admin'
            }, {
                //url 
                params: {
                    id: 200,
                    vip: 9
                },
                //请求头参数
                headers: {
                    height: 180,
                    weight: 180,
                }
            });
        }
    
        btns[2].onclick = function(){
            axios({
                //请求方法
                method : 'POST',
                //url
                url: '/axios-server',
                //url参数
                params: {
                    vip:10,
                    level:30
                },
                //头信息
                headers: {
                    a:100,
                    b:200
                },
                //请求体参数
                data: {
                    username: 'admin',
                    password: 'admin'
                }
            }).then(response=>{
                //响应状态码
                console.log(response.status);
                //响应状态字符串
                console.log(response.statusText);
                //响应头信息
                console.log(response.headers);
                //响应体
                console.log(response.data);
            })
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

fetch

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>fetch 发送 AJAX请求</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button>AJAX请求</button>
    <script>
        //文档地址
        //https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/fetch
        
        const btn = document.querySelector('button');

        btn.onclick = function(){
            fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/fetch-server?vip=10', {
                //请求方法
                method: 'POST',
                //请求头
                headers: {
                    name:'baidu'
                },
                //请求体
                body: 'username=admin&password=admin'
            }).then(response => {
                // return response.text();
                return response.json();
            }).then(response=>{
                console.log(response);
            });
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

跨域问题

JSONP原理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>原理演示</title>
    <style>
        #result {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            border: solid 1px #78a;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        //处理数据
        function handle(data) {
            //获取 result 元素
            const result = document.getElementById('result');
            result.innerHTML = data.name;
        }
    </script>
    <script src="http://127.0.0.1:8000/jsonp-server"></script> 
    //上面的script返回的响应内容是: handle(xxx)
</body>
</html>

JSONP实践

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>案例</title>
</head>
<body>
    用户名: <input type="text" id="username">
    <p></p>
    <script>
        //获取 input 元素
        const input = document.querySelector('input');
        const p = document.querySelector('p');
        
        //声明 handle 函数
        function handle(data){
            input.style.border = "solid 1px #f00";
            //修改 p 标签的提示文本
            p.innerHTML = data.msg;
        }

        //绑定事件
        input.onblur = function(){
            //获取用户的输入值
            let username = this.value;
            //向服务器端发送请求 检测用户名是否存在
            //1. 创建 script 标签
            const script = document.createElement('script');
            //2. 设置标签的 src 属性
            script.src = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/check-username';
            //3. 将 script 插入到文档中
            document.body.appendChild(script);
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

JQuery-JSONP

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>jQuery-jsonp</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:300px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #089;
        }
    </style>
    <script crossorigin="anonymous" src='https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.5.0/jquery.min.js'></script>
</head>
<body>
    <button>点击发送 jsonp 请求</button>
    <div id="result">

    </div>
    <script>
        $('button').eq(0).click(function(){
            $.getJSON('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-jsonp-server?callback=?', function(data){
                $('#result').html(`
                    名称: ${data.name}<br>
                    校区: ${data.city}
                `)
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

CORS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>CORS</title>
    <style>
        #result{
            width:200px;
            height:100px;
            border:solid 1px #90b;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <button>发送请求</button>
    <div id="result"></div>
    <script>
        const btn = document.querySelector('button');

        btn.onclick = function(){
            //1. 创建对象
            const x = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //2. 初始化设置
            x.open("GET", "http://127.0.0.1:8000/cors-server");
            //3. 发送
            x.send();
            //4. 绑定事件
            x.onreadystatechange = function(){
                if(x.readyState === 4){
                    if(x.status >= 200 && x.status < 300){
                        //输出响应体
                        console.log(x.response);
                    }
                }
            }
            //下面这些是在服务器端设置
			//允许跨域资源共享
		    //response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
			//允许自定义请求头
		    //response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", '*');
			//允许put,delete等方式的请求
		    //response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Method", '*');
		    // response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "http://127.0.0.1:5500");
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>
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