Android–RecyclerView控件
一、RecyclerView的基本用法
首先在app/build.gradle文件，在dependencies添加如下内容：
implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0"
// For control over item selection of both touch and mouse driven selection
implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview-selection:1.1.0-rc01"
这是从官方找的依赖，v7包在Androidx中已经不能使用，sync Now 同步之后修改xml的代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
接着写Fruit类：
package com.example.recycler_view;
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imaged_id;
public Fruit(String name, int imaged_id)
{
this.name=name;
this.imaged_id=imaged_id;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getImaged_id(){
return imaged_id;
}
}
Fruit类包含水果名字和水果图片的资源ID，要写一个Fruit类的构造函数。
再定义一个自定义布局fruit_item,修改代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"/>
<TextView
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"/>
</LinearLayout>
其中ImageView用于显示水果图片，TextView用于显示水果名字
截下来为RecyclerView准备一个适配器，新建FruitAdapter类（名字可以随便取），让这个适配器继承于RecyclerView.Adapter，并将泛型指定为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder(我们在FruitAdapter中指定的一个内部类），代码如下：
package com.example.recycler_view;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHoler> {
private List<Fruit>mFruitlist;
/**
* 定义一个内部类Viewholder继承于Recylerview.viewholder
* 构造函数传递一个参数View(fruit_item)
*/
static class ViewHoler extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
//设置点击事件
public ViewHoler(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
fruitImage=(ImageView)itemView.findViewById((R.id.fruit_image));
fruitName = (TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
//构造函数给mFruitlist赋值
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit>fruitList){
mFruitlist=fruitList;
}
@Override
//创建viewholder的实例，将fruit_item传进来
public FruitAdapter.ViewHoler onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
.inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
final RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder = new ViewHoler(view);
return (ViewHoler) holder;
}
@Override
//每个item实例化
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull final FruitAdapter.ViewHoler holder, int position) {
final Fruit fruit = mFruitlist.get(position);
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
older.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImaged_id());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitlist.size();
}
}
重写了RecyclerView,Adapter的三个方法，代码中有注释就不解释了。
修改MainActivity中的代码如下：
package com.example.recycler_view;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String data[] = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon",
"Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" };
private List<Fruit>fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
/**
* LinearLayoutManager并不是一个View，而是一个工具类，
* 但是LinearLayoutManager承担了一个View(当然指的是RecyclerView)的布局
* 、测量、子View 创建 复用 回收 缓存 滚动等等操作
* 这里的LinearLayoutManager用于指定recycleview的布局方式（线性布局），与listView类似效果
*/
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
//layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);//横向布局
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
FruitAdapter fruitAdapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);//实现数据关联
}
private void initFruit() {
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(mango);
}
}
创建了一个LinearlayoutMannager对象，并把他设置到RecyclerView中，这里的LinearLayout是线性布局的意思，接下来创建FruitAdapter的实例，再setAdapter关联起来就行了，运行效果如下：
因为图片的资源文件是用的同一张，所以图片就显示的一个。这样就简单的实现和listview一样的滚动布局
二、实现横向布局和瀑布流布局
这部分就是比ListView更加强大的部分。
横向布局的实习很简单，只需稍微修改一下fruit_item和MainActivity中的代码即可。
fruit_item:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"/>
<TextView
android:text="mango"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
</LinearLayout>
这里吧LinearLayout改为垂直排列，并把宽度设置为100dp（文字长度好统一），且textView和ImageView水平居中
接下来修改MainAcitivity的代码如下：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String data[] = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon",
"Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" };
private List<Fruit>fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
/**
* LinearLayoutManager并不是一个View，而是一个工具类，
* 但是LinearLayoutManager承担了一个View(当然指的是RecyclerView)的布局
* 、测量、子View 创建 复用 回收 缓存 滚动等等操作
* 这里的LinearLayoutManager用于指定recycleview的布局方式（线性布局），与listView类似效果
*/
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);//横向布局
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
FruitAdapter fruitAdapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);//实现数据关联
}
掉用了LinearLayoutMannager的setOrientation()方法来设置布局的排列方向，默认为纵向排列，这里传入LinearLayoutMannager.HORIZONTAL表示让布局横向排列.
效果图如下：
瀑布流布局：
修改fruit_item的代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"/>
</LinearLayout>
TextView之所以改为layout_gravity=“left”,因为后面会实现名字变化的操作，居中会不好看
修改MainActivity的代码如下：
package com.example.recycler_view;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String data[] = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon",
"Pear", "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Mango" };
private List<Fruit>fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
/**
* LinearLayoutManager并不是一个View，而是一个工具类，
* 但是LinearLayoutManager承担了一个View(当然指的是RecyclerView)的布局
* 、测量、子View 创建 复用 回收 缓存 滚动等等操作
* 这里的LinearLayoutManager用于指定recycleview的布局方式（线性布局），与listView类似效果
*/
//LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
//layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);//横向布局
/**
* 瀑布流显示
*/
StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new
StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);//3列，垂直分布，瀑布流
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
FruitAdapter fruitAdapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);//实现数据关联
}
private void initFruits() {
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
Fruit apple = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("Apple"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("Banana"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit orange = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("Orange"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("watermelon"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pear = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("pear"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("grape"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit pineapple = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("pineapple"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("strawberry"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("cherry"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango = new Fruit(getRandLengthName("mango"), R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(mango);
}
}
private String getRandLengthName(String name) {//把名字变长显示
Random random = new Random();
int length = random.nextInt(20)+1;//length范围1~21
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();//可变字符序列
for (int i=0;i<length;i++)
{
stringBuilder.append(name);
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}
存有注释就不一解释，主要运用到了StaggerdGridLayoutMannger。
运行图如下：
三、RecyclerView的点击事件
与listView不同，recycyclerView的子控件的点击事件不能调取setItemOnclicklistener()方法，而是在Adapter里面实现，这样虽然麻烦了一些，但是也有好处，例如你可以为各个Item的子控件实现点击事件（TextView,ImageView等），而不是点击Item就响应点击事件，更加注重于细节处理了，在FruitAdapter中修改代码如下：
package com.example.recycler_view;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHoler> {
private List<Fruit>mFruitlist;
/**
* 定义一个内部类Viewholder继承于Recylerview.viewholder
* 构造函数传递一个参数View(fruit_item)
*/
static class ViewHoler extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
//设置点击事件
public ViewHoler(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
fruitImage=(ImageView)itemView.findViewById((R.id.fruit_image));
fruitName = (TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
//构造函数给mFruitlist赋值
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit>fruitList){
mFruitlist=fruitList;
}
@Override
//创建viewholder的实例，将fruit_item传进来
public FruitAdapter.ViewHoler onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
.inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
final RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder = new ViewHoler(view);
//
// holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
//
// @Override
// public void onClick(View v) {
// int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
// Fruit fruit = mFruitlist.get(position);
// Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you click this one"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
// }
// });
return (ViewHoler) holder;
}
@Override
//每个item实例化
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull final FruitAdapter.ViewHoler holder, int position) {
final Fruit fruit = mFruitlist.get(position);
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
holder.fruitName.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitlist.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you click the name:"+"\n"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImaged_id());
holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitlist.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you click the picture:"+"\n"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitlist.size();
}
}
这里我再onBindViewHolder（）方法中实现了TextView和ImageView的点击事件（Toast）,本节内容大致如此
运行图如下：
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