Python3下载文件：AttributeError:module 'urllib' has no attribute 'request'

• python3的urllib包有了一些更新，在使用的时候要注意一下

  import os
  import urllib
  url = ""
  file = "{}.pdf".format('download_file')
  save_path = os.path.join('/Users/Desktop/', file)
  urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, save_path)
  

• 这样使用会报错

  AttributeError: module 'urllib' has no attribute 'request'
  

• 因为在python3中urllib.request成为了一个独立的包, 所以在导入的时候要改为

  import os
  import urllib.request as ur
  url = ""
  file = "{}.pdf".format('download_file')
  save_path = os.path.join('/Users/Desktop/', file)
  # 加headers
  headers = [
      ('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'),
      ("user-agent", "212313132131514654")
  ]
  opener = ur.build_opener()
  opener.addheaders = headers
  ur.install_opener(opener)
  # 下载保存
  ur.urlretrieve(url, save_path)
  

• 其他下载文件方法

  headers = {'Content-Type': "application/json"}
  r = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers)
  with open("download_file.xls", "wb") as code:
      code.write(r.content)