文件上传-下载学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-03 17:24:52 发布

王帅真

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-03 17:24:52 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： servlet java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44677382/article/details/105998217

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前言

比如“网盘”功能的实现，主要核心知识就是文件与I/O。

上传

JSP

input的type设置为“file”
form表单的method设置“post”（get只能拿到值为文件名的字符串）
form表单的enctype设置multipart/form-data，以二进制形式传输数据
代码：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>上传</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input name="text" type="file"/>
        <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Servlet

文件尽量保持字节流，避免所有编码问题（字节是最小单位，字符可能会打乱文件字节状态）
输入流：字节流 —— 字符流 —— 缓冲字符流
- --------- —— [ ] —— 【】（不停嵌套加粗，读写速度、容量增加）
获取输出文件夹的绝对路径，并且要自己在工程的out里面创建，跟WEB-INF同一目录
输出流：同上
本质：通过输入流把用户上传文件读入JVM内存，再通过输出流输出到工程文件夹下
底层方法实现代码：

package com.microsoft.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;

@WebServlet("/upload")
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 通过输入流获取客户端传来的数据流
        InputStream inputStream = req.getInputStream();
        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);

        // 通过输出流将数据流输出到本地硬盘
        // 获取文件夹的绝对路径
        String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("file/copy.txt");
        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(path);
        Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(writer);

        // 边读边写
        String str = "";
        while((str = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
            bufferedWriter.write(str);
            System.out.println(str);
        }

        // 关闭流
        bufferedWriter.close();
        writer.close();
        outputStream.close();
        bufferedReader.close();
        reader.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }
}

缺点
- 有一些我们不要的信息（头、尾）会被加入
- OOP思想的缺乏
实际开发时使用工具——fileupload
- 导入jar包
  - commons-io
  - commons-fileupload
- 将所有请求信息解析成FileItem对象，对该对象操作即可【OOP思想】
代码

package com.microsoft.servlet;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/upload")
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            DiskFileItemFactory diskFileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
            ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(diskFileItemFactory);
            List<FileItem> list = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(req);
            for (FileItem fileItem : list){
                if(fileItem.isFormField()){// 是个框
                    String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
                    String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8");
                    System.out.println(name+":"+value);
                }else{// 是个文件
                    String fileName = fileItem.getName();
                    long size = fileItem.getSize();
                    System.out.println(fileName+":"+size+"Byte");
                    InputStream inputStream = fileItem.getInputStream();
                    String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("file/"+fileName);
                    OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(path);
                    int temp = 0;
                    while((temp = inputStream.read()) != -1){
                        outputStream.write(temp);
                    }
                    outputStream.close();
                    inputStream.close();
                    System.out.println("上传成功！");
                }
            }
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

下载

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>下载</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/download?type=png">图片</a>
    <a href="/download?type=txt">文本</a>
</body>
</html>

Servlet

package com.microsoft.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

@WebServlet("/download")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 设置响应方式，调用浏览器下载
        resp.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
        String type = req.getParameter("type");
        String filename = "";
        switch (type){
            case "png":
                filename = "1.png";
                break;
            case "txt":
                filename = "test.txt";
                break;
        }
        // 设置下载好后的文件名
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        // 流处理
        OutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("file/"+filename);
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        int temp = 0;
        while((temp = inputStream.read()) != -1){
            outputStream.write(temp);
        }
        // 关闭流
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
    }
}

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文件上传-下载学习笔记

前言比如“网盘”功能的实现，主要核心知识就是文件与I/O。上传JSPinput的type设置为“file”form表单的method设置“post”（get只能拿到值为文件名的字符串）form表单的enctype设置multipart/form-data，以二进制形式传输数据代码：<%@ page contentType="text/html;char...
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