ZULL图解+代码 ZuulFilter执行顺序
使用路由网关统一访问接口概述
在微服务架构中,需要几个基础的服务治理组件,包括服务注册与发现、服务消费、负载均衡、熔断器、智能路由、配置管理等,由这几个基础组件相互协作,共同组建了一个简单的微服务系统。一个简单的微服务系统如下图:
在 Spring Cloud 微服务系统中,一种常见的负载均衡方式是,客户端的请求首先经过负载均衡(Zuul、Ngnix),再到达服务网关(Zuul 集群),然后再到具体的服。服务统一注册到高可用的服务注册中心集群,服务的所有的配置文件由配置服务管理,配置服务的配置文件放在 GIT 仓库,方便开发人员随时改配置。
Zuul 简介
Zuul 的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如 /api/user
转发到到 User 服务,/api/shop
转发到到 Shop 服务。Zuul 默认和 Ribbon 结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
spring Boot 搭载 Zuul
1.创建路由网关
pom.xml
文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</name>
<url>http://www.8888.com</url>
<inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot End -->
<!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Cloud End -->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.zuul.ZuulApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
主要是增加了 Zuul 的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.Application
增加 @EnableZuulProxy
注解开启 Zuul 功能
package com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.zuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.application.yml
- 设置端口号为:8769
- 增加 Zuul 配置
spring:
application:
name: hello-spring-cloud-zuul
server:
port: 8769
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api/a/**
serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api/b/**
serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign
路由说明:
- 以 /api/a 开头的请求都转发给
hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon
服务 - 以 /api/b 开头的请求都转发给
hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign
服务
测试访问
依次运行 EurekaApplication
、ServiceAdminApplication
、WebAdminRibbonApplication
、WebAdminFeignApplication
、ZuulApplication
打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api/a/hi?message=HelloZuul 浏览器显示
Hi,your message is :"HelloZuul" i am from port:8763
打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api/b/hi?message=HelloZuul 浏览器显示
Hi,your message is :"HelloZuul" i am from port:8763
至此说明 Zuul 的路由功能配置成功
配置网关路由失败时的回调
package com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.zuul.fallback;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 路由 hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign 失败时的回调
* <p>Title: WebAdminFeignFallbackProvider</p>
* <p>Description: </p>
*
* @author Lusifer
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2018/7/27 6:55
*/
@Component
public class WebAdminFeignFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
// ServiceId,如果需要所有调用都支持回退,则 return "*" 或 return null
return "hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign";
}
/**
* 如果请求服务失败,则返回指定的信息给调用者
* @param route
* @param cause
* @return
*/
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
/**
* 网关向 api 服务请求失败了,但是消费者客户端向网关发起的请求是成功的,
* 不应该把 api 的 404,500 等问题抛给客户端
* 网关和 api 服务集群对于客户端来说是黑盒
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("status", 200);
map.put("message", "无法连接,请检查您的网络");
return new ByteArrayInputStream(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map).getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
// 和 getBody 中的内容编码一致
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
ZuulFilter执行顺序 使用路由网关的服务过滤功能
概述
Zuul 不仅仅只是路由,还有很多强大的功能,本节演示一下它的服务过滤功能,比如用在安全验证方面。
创建服务过滤器
继承 ZuulFilter
类并在类上增加 @Component
注解就可以使用服务过滤功能了,非常简单方便
ZuulFilter的执行顺序
filterType
返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在 Zuul 中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型
- pre:路由之前
- routing:路由之时
- post: 路由之后
- error:发送错误调用
filterOrder
过滤的顺序
shouldFilter
是否需要过滤,这里是 true,需要过滤
run
过滤器的具体业务代码 代码示例
package com.zaofeng.springcloud.ZuulApplication.filter 中
package com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.zuul.filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Zuul 的服务过滤演示
* <p>Title: LoginFilter</p>
* <p>Description: </p>
*
* @author Lusifer
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2018/5/29 22:02
*/
@Component
public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginFilter.class);
/**
* 配置过滤类型,有四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型
* 1. pre:路由之前
* 2. routing:路由之时
* 3. post:路由之后
* 4. error:发送错误调用
* @return
*/
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
/**
* 配置过滤的顺序
* @return
*/
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
/**
* 配置是否需要过滤:true/需要,false/不需要
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
/**
* 过滤器的具体业务代码
* @return
* @throws ZuulException
*/
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();
logger.info("{} >>> {}", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString());
String token = request.getParameter("token");
if (token == null) {
logger.warn("Token is empty");
context.setSendZuulResponse(false);
context.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
context.getResponse().getWriter().write("Token is empty");
} catch (IOException e) {
}
} else {
logger.info("OK");
}
return null;
}
}
测试过滤器
浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api/a/hi?message=HelloZuul 网页显示
Token is empty
浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api/b/hi?message=HelloZuul&token=123 网页显示
Hi,your message is :"HelloZuul" i am from port:8763