Django1.11.11配置多数据库

1、安装PyMySQL、psycopg2

pip install PyMySQL      # 用于MySQL数据库交互
pip install psycopg2     # 用于PostgreSQL数据库交互

2、修改项目(Project01)同名目录下的 init.py 文件

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

3、修改 settings.py 文件

DATABASES = {
    # 要求default 数据库必须定义
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',  # 引擎
        'HOST': '192.168.1.200',                             # IP
        'PORT': '5432',                                      # 端口
        'USER': 'tiger',                                     # 用户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456',                                # 用户密码
        'NAME': 'tigerdb',                                   # 数据库名
    },
    'database01': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',                # 引擎
        'HOST': '192.168.1.100',                             # IP
        'PORT': 3306,                                        # 端口
        'USER': 'tiger',                                     # 用户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456',                                # 用户密码
        'NAME': 'tigerdb'                                    # 数据库名
    },
}

DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['Project01.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter']
DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {
    # 'app01': 'default'  # 可以不指定 ，不指定的app，默认数据库为'default'数据库
    'app02': 'database01',  # 'app名字': '数据库名字'
}

4、数据库路由

• 项目同名目录Project01/Project01下新建一个database_router.py，粘贴下面代码

  from django.conf import settings
  
  DATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING
  
  
  class DatabaseAppsRouter(object):
      """
      A router to control all database operations on models for different
      databases.
  
      In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router
      will fallback to the `default` database.
  
      Settings example:
  
      DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app01': 'default', 'app02': 'db02'}
      """
  
      def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
          """"Point all read operations to the specific database."""
          if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
          return None
  
      def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
          """Point all write operations to the specific database."""
          if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
          return None
  
      def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):
          """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database."""
          db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label)
          db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label)
          if db_obj1 and db_obj2:
              if db_obj1 == db_obj2:
                  return True
              else:
                  return False
          return None
  
      def allow_syncdb(self, db, model):
          """Make sure that apps only appear in the related database."""
  
          if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
              return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db
          elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return False
          return None
  
      def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model=None, **hints):
          """
          Make sure the auth app only appears in the 'auth_db'
          database.
          """
          if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
              return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db
          elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return False
          return None
  
      # for Django 1.4 - Django 1.6
      def allow_syncdb(self, db, model):
          """Make sure that apps only appear in the related database."""
  
          if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
              return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db
          elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return False
          return None
  
      # Django 1.7 - Django 1.11
      def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model_name=None, **hints):
          print(db, app_label, model_name, hints)
          if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
              return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db
          elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
              return False
          return None
  

5、编写 models.py 文件

• 使用默认数据库的app，models.py 编写，不需要指定app_label

  class Reader(models.Model):
      name=models.CharField(max_length=32,primary_key=True,unique=True)
      age = models.CharFieid()
  
      def __str__(self):
          return self.name
  
      class Meta:
          # app_label = 'app01' # 由于该model连接default数据库，所以在此无需指定
          db_table = 'tb_reader'  # 指定生成数据库的表名称
          verbose_name = '读者'
      	verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
  

• 使用指定数据库的app，models.py 编写

  class Author(models.Model):
      name=models.CharField(max_length=32,primary_key=True,unique=True)
      age = models.CharFieid()
  
      def __str__(self):
          return self.name
  
      class Meta:
          app_label = 'app02'  # 定义该model的app_label
          db_table = 'tb_author'  # 指定生成数据库的表名称
          verbose_name = '作者'
      	verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
  

6、同步数据库

• 同步default数据库，只运行不带 --database参数的命令，不对其他数据库进行同步

  python manage.py makemigrations
  python manage.py migrate
  

• 同步database01数据库

  python manage.py makemigrations
  python manage.py migrate --database=database01