文章讲述了当在VSCode中遇到编译错误，提示缺少依赖路径时，如何通过运行`gcc-v-E-xc++-`命令获取系统头文件目录，并将这些路径添加到c_cpp_properties.json文件的includePath中，以正确配置IntelliSense并解决编译问题。用户需要编辑此配置文件，将找到的路径添加到includePath列表，以确保VSCode能识别系统的C++库。
这是由于配置中没有指定依赖路径导致的，在c_cpp_properties.json中includePath的默认配置只有当前目录，需要将系统依赖加入。
在命令行里面输入
gcc -v -E -x c++ -
在结果里面找到头文件目录,然后添加到includepath中。
运行结果如下:
C:\Users\wangzp>gcc -v -E -x c++ -
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-8.1.0/configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --
build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw64 --with-
sysroot=/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 --enable-shared --enable
static --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-libstdcxx-
time=yes --enable-threads=win32 --enable-libgomp --enable-libatomic --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-checking=release --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-bootstrap --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-arch=nocona --with-
tune=core2 --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-
gmp=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-
mpfr=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-
mpc=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-
isl=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-pkg
version='x86_64-win32-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project' --with-
bugurl=https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64 CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -
I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -
fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CPPFLAGS=' -
I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -
I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' LDFLAGS='-pipe -fno-
ident -L/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/lib -
L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-
w64-mingw32-static/lib '
Thread model: win32
gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-win32-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-E' '-mtune=core2' '-march=nocona'
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-
rev0/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/cc1plus.exe -E -quiet -v -
iprefix C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-
rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/ -U_REENTRANT - -mtune=core2 -
march=nocona
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-
mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-
rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-
mingw32/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include
End of search list.
配置IntelliSense
扩展程序会根据当前系统环境配置基本信息，因此有可能配置不完整，这时需要通过生成c_cpp_properties.json文件来配置缺少的信息：
ctrl+shift+P打开Command Palette,运行
C/C++: Edit configurations...
生成c_cpp_properties.json：
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Win32",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
],
"defines": [
"_DEBUG",
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE"
],
"windowsSdkVersion": "8.1",
"compilerPath": "cl.exe",
"cStandard": "c17",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x86"
}
],
"version": 4
}
这是Windows平台上默认生成的c_cpp_properties.json文件，可在这个文件中添加配置。
将以下路径添加到includePath中
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include
最终效果为：
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Win32",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0/VC/include/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed/*",
"C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/*"
],
"defines": [
"_DEBUG",
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE"
],
"windowsSdkVersion": "8.1",
"compilerPath": "cl.exe",
"cStandard": "c17",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x86"
}
],
"version": 4
}
参考文献：
https://blog.csdn.net/u013250861/article/details/127813201
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