Java克隆之浅拷贝与深拷贝

在编程时如果已经存在对象A，若想要得到一个与A完全相同的对象B，并在此后对B进行修改不会对A产生影响，则可以使用克隆。简单的赋值语句创建的只是对象的引用，无法满足这种要求。克隆分为深拷贝与浅拷贝。

克隆需要实现Cloneable接口，Cloneable接口是Java提供的少数标记接口之一。标记接口不包含任何方法，唯一的作用是允许在类型查询中使用instanceof。

Object类中的clone()方法声明为protected，所以代码不能直接调用，需要先继承Object类，但是由于java中的类都是默认继承Object，所有这点也不用关心。要实现克隆需要重写clone()方法，在方法中需要修改clone()的修饰符为public，方便其他类调用。

1.如果对象包含子对象的引用，在克隆之后拷贝对象与原对象都包含子对象的引用，也就是对A中的子对象的修改会造成B中子对象的修改，则称为浅拷贝。

public class Shallow {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Son son = new Son("小张三", 3);
        Father father = new Father("张三", 30, son);
        Father clonedFather = father.clone();
        father.son.setName("小小小张三");
        System.out.println("father的儿子：" + father.son);
        System.out.println("clonedFather的儿子：" + clonedFather.son);
    }
}

class Father implements Cloneable{
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public Son son;

    public void setSon(Son son) {
        this.son = son;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Father(String name, int age, Son son) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.son = son;
    }

    public Father clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Father) super.clone();
    }
}

class Son {
    public String name;
    public int age;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Son(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Son{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

结果：

2.如果对象包含子对象的引用，在克隆之后拷贝对象与原对象都包含子对象的引用，但是对A中的子对象的修改不会造成B中的子对象的修改，则称之为深拷贝。若对A克隆得到B，A的子对象为C，实现深拷贝需要：
1.在A中重写clone方法，并在方法中实现克隆子对象C.
2.若C是自己写的类，需要重写clone()方法。return ( C ) super.clone();

public class Deep {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Son son = new Son("小张三", 3);
        Father father = new Father("张三", 30, son);
        Father clonedFather = father.clone();
        father.son.setName("小小小张三");
        System.out.println("father的儿子：" + father.son);
        System.out.println("clonedFather的儿子：" + clonedFather.son);
    }
}

class Father implements Cloneable{
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public Son son;

    public void setSon(Son son) {
        this.son = son;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Father(String name, int age, Son son) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.son = son;
    }

    public Father clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Father cloned = (Father) super.clone();
        cloned.son = son.clone();
        return cloned;
    }
}

class Son implements Cloneable{
    public String name;
    public int age;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Son(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Son{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public Son clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Son) super.clone();
    }
}

结果：