python 子类继承 ，重写父类，将实例用作属性

继承，重写父类

# 父类
class Car:
    """类的描述"""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """方法的描述"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """方法的描述"""
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()

	def fill_gas_tank(self，tank): 
 		"""方法的描述""" 
 		print("有" + tank + "箱油")

括号内父类类名

# 子类
class ElectricCar(Car):
    """电动汽车的独特之处"""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """初始化父类的属性"""
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        # python 2.7 super(ElectricCar, self).__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery_size = 70 # 子类定义属性

    # 重写父类方法
	def fill_gas_tank():        
		"""
        子类定义的方法，与父类中方法名称相同，则相当于重写父类方法，
        Python将不会考虑这个父类方法，而只关注你在子类中定义的相应方法
        """
 		print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")
        
    def describe_battery(self):
 		"""描述""" 
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kWh battery.")
        

将实例用作属性

class Car(): 
 ...
 
class Battery:
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""

    def __init__(self, battery_size=40):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kWh battery.")

class ElectricCar(Car):
	...
	super().__init__(make, model, year)
	self.battery = Battery() # 添加了一个名为self.battery的属性,这行代码让Python创建一个新的Battery实例
	...
	
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016) 
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) 
#让Python在实例my_tesla中查找属性battery，并对存储在该属性中的Battery实例调用方法describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()