Qt5开发从入门到精通——第五篇三节( 文本编辑器 Easy Word 开发 V1.2详解 )

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前言

本章节会给大家带来基于文本编辑器 Easy Word V1.1开发升级到Easy Word V1.2开发的解析。


一、文本编辑器 Easy Word V1.2 槽函数与框架连接解析

1.1、缩放功能

(1)在 “mainwindow.h” 头文件中添加 “private slots:” 变量:

void ShowZoomIn();      //缩放功能放大

(2)在 createActions() 函数的”“放大“动作“最后添加事件关联:

connect(zoomInAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(ShowZoomIn()));

(3)实现图形放大功能的函数 ShowZoomln()如下:

void MainWindow::ShowZoomIn()          //图像放大
{
    if(img.isNull())     //有效性判断
    {
        return;
    }

    QMatrix matrix;     //声明一个QMatrix类的实例
    matrix.scale(2,2);  //(a)
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));


}

其中, matrix.scale(2,2)、 img = img.transformed(matrix):按照 2 倍比例对水平和垂直方向进行放大,并将当前显示的图形按照该坐标矩阵进行转换。QMatrix & QMatrix::scale(qreal sx,qreal sy)函数返回缩放后的 matrix 对象引用,若要实现 2
倍比例的缩小,则将参数 sx 和 sy 改为 0.5 即可。
(4)在 “mainwindow.h” 头文件中添加 “private slots:” 变量:

void ShowZoomOut();     //缩放功能缩小

(5)在 createActionsO 函数的"''缩小“动作“最后添加事件关联:

connect (zoomOutAction, SIGNAL(triggered ()), this, SLOT (ShowZoomOut()));

(6)实现图形缩小功能的函数 ShowZoomOutO如下:

void MainWindow::ShowZoomOut()      //图像缩小
{
    if (img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.scale(0.5,0.5);   //(a)
    img=img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));


}

其中,
(a)scale(qreal sx,qreal sy): 此函数的参数是 qreal 类型值。 qreal 定义了一种 double 数据类
型,该数据类型适用于所有的平台。需要注意的是,对千 ARM 体系结构的平台, qreal 是一种float 类型 。 在 Qt 5 中还声明了 一 些指定位长度的数据类型,目的是保证程序能够在 Qt 支待的所有平台上正常运行。例如, qint8 表示一个有符号的 8 位字节, qlonglong 表示 long long int 类型,与 qint64 相同。

1.2、旋转功能

ShowRotate90()函数实现的是图形的旋转,此函数实现坐标的逆时针旋转 90° 。
(1)在 “mainwindow.h” 头文件中添加 “private slots:” 变量:

void ShowRotate90();    //旋转90°

(2)在 createActionsO函数的“旋转 90°" 最后添加事件关联:

connect(rotate90Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate90()));

(3)ShowRotate90()函数的具体实现代码如下:

void MainWindow::ShowRotate90()                  //旋转90°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(90);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));

}

(4)在 “mainwindow.h” 头文件中添加 "private slots : " 变量:

    void ShowRotate180();   //旋转180°
    void ShowRotate270 ();  //旋转270°

(5)在 createActions() 函数的“旋转 180°" “旋转 270°” 最后分别添加事件关联:

connect(rotate180Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate180()));
connect(rotate270Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate270()));

(6)ShowRotate 180() 、 ShowRotate270()函数的具体实现代码如下:

void MainWindow::ShowRotate180()        //旋转180°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(180);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

void MainWindow::ShowRotate270()      //旋转270°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(270);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

1.3、镜像功能

ShowMirrorVertical() 函数实现的是图形的纵向镜像, ShowMirrorHorizontal() 函数实现的则是横向镜像。通过 Qlmage::mirrored(bool horizontal,bool vertical) 实现图形的镜像功能,参数horizontal 和 vertical 分别指定了镜像的方向。具体实现步骤如下。
(1)在 “mainwindow.h” 头文件中添加 “private slots:” 变量:

    void ShowMirrorVertical();  //纵向
    void ShowMirrorHorizontal (); //横向

(2)在 createActionsO 函数的“纵向镜像”“横向镜像“最后分别添加事件关联:

connect (mirrorVerticalAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowMirrorVertical()));
connect (mirrorHorizontalAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowMirrorHorizontal ()));

(3)ShowMirrorVertical()、 ShowMirrorHorizontal ()函数的具体实现代码如下:

void MainWindow::ShowMirrorVertical()   //纵向镜像
{
    if(img. isNull ())
    return;
    img=img.mirrored(false,true);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}
void MainWindow::ShowMirrorHorizontal() //横向镜像
{
    if(img. isNull ())
    return;
    img=img.mirrored(true,false);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

二、效果实例

图一
在这里插入图片描述
图二
图标和图片放到新建的Resources中

在这里插入图片描述

三、原码解析

工程文件(包含图标)已经上传GitHub,通过git直接拉取即可

git clone https://github.com/dhn111/EasyWord.git

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QImage>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QAction>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QSpinBox>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QFontComboBox>
#include <QToolButton>
#include <QTextCharFormat>
#include "showwidget.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTextStream>              //读入文本
#include <QDebug>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QTextCodec>
#include <QtPrintSupport/QPrintDialog>  //打印文本
#include <QtPrintSupport/QPrinter>
#include <QPainter>               //打印图片
#include <QRect>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();
    void createActions();       //创建动作
    void createMenus();         //创建菜单
    void createToolBars ();     //创建工具栏
    void loadFile(QString filename);
    void mergeFormat(QTextCharFormat);

private:
    QMenu *fileMenu;                     //各项菜单栏
    QMenu *zoomMenu;
    QMenu *rotateMenu;
    QMenu *mirrorMenu;
    QImage img;
    QString fileName;
    ShowWidget *showWidget;
    QAction *openFileAction;          //文件菜单项
    QAction *NewFileAction;
    QAction *PrintTextAction;
    QAction *PrintImageAction;
    QAction *exitAction;
    QAction *copyAction;           //编辑菜单项
    QAction *cutAction;
    QAction *pasteAction;
    QAction *aboutAction;
    QAction *zoomInAction;
    QAction *zoomOutAction;
    QAction *rotate90Action;       //旋转菜单项
    QAction *rotate180Action;
    QAction *rotate270Action;
    QAction *mirrorVerticalAction;     //镜像菜单项
    QAction *mirrorHorizontalAction;
    QAction *undoAction;
    QAction *redoAction;
    QToolBar *fileTool;              //工具栏
    QToolBar *zoomTool;
    QToolBar *rotateTool;
    QToolBar *mirrorTool;
    QToolBar *doToolBar;
private slots:
    void ShowNewFile();     //新建文件
    void ShowOpenFile();    //打开文件
    void ShowPrintText();   //打印文本
    void ShowPrintImage();  //打印图像
    void ShowZoomIn();      //缩放功能放大
    void ShowZoomOut();     //缩放功能缩小
    void ShowRotate90();    //旋转90°
    void ShowRotate180();   //旋转180°
    void ShowRotate270 ();  //旋转270°
    void ShowMirrorVertical();  //纵向
    void ShowMirrorHorizontal (); //横向


};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

showwidget.h

#ifndef SHOWWIDGET_H
#define SHOWWIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QImage>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
class ShowWidget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit ShowWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);

    QImage img;
    QLabel *imageLabel;
    QTextEdit *text;


signals:

public slots:
};

#endif // SHOWWIDGET_H

main.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
{

    //各项菜单栏
    fileMenu = new QMenu;
    zoomMenu = new QMenu;
    rotateMenu = new QMenu;
    mirrorMenu = new QMenu;
    showWidget = new ShowWidget;


    //文件菜单
    openFileAction =new QAction;
    NewFileAction  =new QAction;
    PrintTextAction =new QAction;
    PrintImageAction =new QAction;
    exitAction       = new QAction;

     //缩放菜单
     copyAction   =new QAction;
     cutAction    =new QAction;
     pasteAction  =new QAction;
     aboutAction  =new QAction;
     zoomInAction =new QAction;
     zoomOutAction=new QAction;

     //旋转菜单项
     rotate90Action =new QAction;
     rotate180Action=new QAction;
     rotate270Action=new QAction;

     //镜像菜单项
     mirrorVerticalAction  =new QAction;
     mirrorHorizontalAction=new QAction;
     undoAction  =new QAction;
     redoAction  =new QAction;

     //工具栏
     fileTool = new  QToolBar;
     zoomTool = new  QToolBar;
     rotateTool = new  QToolBar;
     mirrorTool = new  QToolBar;
     doToolBar = new  QToolBar;

    setWindowTitle(tr("Easy Word"));  //设置窗体标题
    showWidget =new ShowWidget(this); //(a)
    setCentralWidget(showWidget);
    /*创建动作、菜单、工具栏的函数*/
    createActions() ;
    createMenus();
    createToolBars();
    if(img.load(":/src/PKQ.png"))
    {
        //在 imageLabel 对象中放置图片
        showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
    }
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{

}

void MainWindow::createActions()
{
    //“打开”动作
    openFileAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/open.png"),tr("打开"),this);  //(a)
    openFileAction->setShortcut (tr ("Ctrl+O"));                      //(b)
    openFileAction->setStatusTip(tr("打开一个文件 "));                 //(c)
    connect(openFileAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(ShowOpenFile()));
    //"新建“动作
    NewFileAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/new.png"),tr("新建"),this);
    NewFileAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+N"));
    NewFileAction->setStatusTip(tr("新建一个文件"));
    connect(NewFileAction, SIGNAL (triggered()) , this, SLOT (ShowNewFile())) ;
    // "退出“动作
    exitAction =new QAction(tr("退出"),this);
    exitAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Q"));
    exitAction->setStatusTip(tr("退出程序")) ;
    connect (exitAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (close()));
    // "复制”动作
    copyAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/copy.png"),tr("复制"),this);
    copyAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+C"));
    copyAction->setStatusTip(tr(" 复制文件")) ;
    connect(copyAction,SIGNAL( triggered ()), showWidget->text, SLOT(copy()));
    //"剪切“动作
    cutAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/cut.png"),tr("剪切"),this);
    cutAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+X"));
    cutAction->setStatusTip(tr("剪切文件")) ;
    connect(cutAction,SIGNAL( triggered ()), showWidget->text, SLOT (cut()));
    //"粘贴“动作
    pasteAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/paste.png"),tr("粘贴"),this);
    pasteAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+V"));
    pasteAction->setStatusTip(tr("粘贴文件")) ;
    connect(pasteAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT (paste()));
    //"关于“动作
    aboutAction =new QAction(tr("关于"),this);
    connect(aboutAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(QApplication::aboutQt()));
    //"打印文本“动作
    PrintTextAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/printText.png"),tr(" 打印文本"), this);
    PrintTextAction->setStatusTip(tr("打印一个文本"));
    connect (PrintTextAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowPrintText ()));
    //"打印图片“动作
    PrintImageAction =new QAction(QIcon (":/src/printimage.png" ), tr("打印图片"), this);
    PrintImageAction->setStatusTip(tr("打印一幅图片"));
    connect(PrintImageAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowPrintImage()));
    //"放大“动作
    zoomInAction =new QAction (QIcon(":/src/zoomin.png"),tr(" 放大 "),this);
    zoomInAction->setStatusTip(tr("放大一幅图片"));
    connect(zoomInAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(ShowZoomIn()));
    //"缩小“动作
    zoomOutAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/zoomout.png"),tr("缩小 "),this);
    zoomOutAction->setStatusTip(tr("缩小一幅图片 "));
    connect (zoomOutAction, SIGNAL(triggered ()), this, SLOT (ShowZoomOut()));
    //实现图片旋转的动作 (Action)
    //旋转 90°
    rotate90Action =new QAction (QIcon (":/src/rotate90.png"), tr("旋转 90°") ,this);
    rotate90Action->setStatusTip(tr("将一幅图旋转90°"));
    connect(rotate90Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate90()));
    //旋转180°
    rotate180Action =new QAction (QIcon(":/src/rotate180.png"), tr("旋转 180°"), this);
    rotate180Action->setStatusTip(tr("将一幅图旋转180°"));
    connect(rotate180Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate180()));
    //旋转270°
    rotate270Action =new QAction(QIcon (":/src/rotate270.png"), tr("旋转 270°"), this);
    rotate270Action->setStatusTip(tr("将一幅图旋转 270°"));
    connect(rotate270Action, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowRotate270()));
    //实现图片镜像的动作(Action)
    //纵向镜像
    mirrorVerticalAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/mirrorVertical.png"),tr("纵向镜像"), this);
    mirrorVerticalAction->setStatusTip(tr("对一幅图做纵向镜像")) ;
    connect (mirrorVerticalAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowMirrorVertical()));
    //横向镜像
    mirrorHorizontalAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/mirrorHorizontal.png"),tr("横向镜像 "),this);
    mirrorHorizontalAction->setStatusTip(tr("对一幅图做横向镜像")) ;
    connect (mirrorHorizontalAction, SIGNAL (triggered()), this, SLOT (ShowMirrorHorizontal ()));
    //实现撤销和重做的动作(ACtion)
    //撤销和重做
    undoAction =new QAction (QIcon(":/src/undo.png"),"撤销",this);
    connect(undoAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT(undo()));
    redoAction =new QAction(QIcon(":/src/redo.png"),"重做",this);
    connect(redoAction, SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT(redo()));




}

void MainWindow::createMenus()
{
    //文件菜单

    fileMenu =menuBar()->addMenu(tr("文件")) ;
    fileMenu->addAction(openFileAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(NewFileAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(PrintTextAction);
    fileMenu->addAction(PrintImageAction);
    fileMenu->addSeparator();
    fileMenu->addAction(exitAction);
    //缩放菜单

    zoomMenu =menuBar()->addMenu(tr("编辑")) ;
    zoomMenu->addAction(copyAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(cutAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(pasteAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(aboutAction);
    zoomMenu->addSeparator();
    zoomMenu->addAction(zoomInAction);
    zoomMenu->addAction(zoomOutAction);
    //旋转菜单
    rotateMenu =menuBar ()->addMenu(tr("旋转")) ;
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate90Action);
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate180Action);
    rotateMenu->addAction(rotate270Action);
    //镜像菜单
    mirrorMenu =menuBar()->addMenu(tr(" 镜像")) ;
    mirrorMenu->addAction(mirrorVerticalAction);
    mirrorMenu->addAction(mirrorHorizontalAction);
}


void MainWindow::createToolBars()
{
    //文件工具条
    fileTool =addToolBar("File");
    fileTool->addAction(openFileAction);
    fileTool->addAction(NewFileAction);
    fileTool->addAction(PrintTextAction);
    fileTool->addAction(PrintImageAction);
    //编辑工具条
    zoomTool =addToolBar("Edit");
    zoomTool->addAction(copyAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(cutAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(pasteAction);
    zoomTool->addSeparator();
    zoomTool->addAction(zoomInAction);
    zoomTool->addAction(zoomOutAction);
    //旋转工具条
    rotateTool =addToolBar("rotate");
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate90Action);
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate180Action);
    rotateTool->addAction(rotate270Action);
    //撤销和重做工具条
    doToolBar =addToolBar("doEdit");
    doToolBar->addAction(undoAction);
    doToolBar->addAction(redoAction);

}

void MainWindow::ShowNewFile()                  //新建文件的槽
{
    MainWindow *newMainWindow =new MainWindow;
    newMainWindow->show();
}

void MainWindow::ShowOpenFile()                  //读取文件的槽
{
    fileName =QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this);
    if(!fileName.isEmpty())
    {
        if(showWidget->text->document()->isEmpty())
        {
            loadFile(fileName);
        }else
        {
            MainWindow *newMainWindows = new MainWindow;
            newMainWindows->show();
            newMainWindows->loadFile(fileName);
        }


    }
}


#if 1
void MainWindow::loadFile(QString filename)
{

     QFile  file(filename);

    if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly|QIODevice::Text))
    {
         QTextStream textStream(&file);
        while(!textStream.atEnd())
        {


            showWidget->text->append(textStream.readLine());


        }


    }
}
#endif


#if 0
void MainWindow::loadFile(QString filename)
{

     QFile  file(filename);
     QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK");
    if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly|QIODevice::Text))
    {

        while(!file.atEnd())
        {
            QByteArray line = file.readLine();
            QString str = codec->toUnicode(line);
            showWidget->text->append(str);

            //qDebug()<<textStream.readLine();

        }


    }
}
#endif

void MainWindow::ShowPrintText()             //文本打印
{
    QPrinter printer;
    QPrintDialog printDialog(&printer,this);
    if(printDialog.exec())
    {
        //获得QTextEdit对象的文档
        QTextDocument *doc =showWidget->text->document();
        doc->print(&printer); //打印
    }
}

void MainWindow::ShowPrintImage()           //图像打印
{
    QPrinter printer;
    QPrintDialog printDialog(&printer,this);
    if(printDialog.exec())
    {
        QPainter painter(&printer);
        QRect rect =painter.viewport();   //获得QPainter对象的视图矩形区域
        QSize size = img.size();          //获得图像的大小
        /*按照图形的比例大小重新设置视图矩形区域*/
        size.scale(rect.size(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);
        painter.setViewport(rect.x(),rect.y(),size.width(),size.height());
        painter.setWindow(img.rect());
        painter.drawImage(0,0,img);

    }
}

void MainWindow::ShowZoomIn()          //图像放大
{
    if(img.isNull())     //有效性判断
    {
        return;
    }

    QMatrix matrix;     //声明一个QMatrix类的实例
    matrix.scale(2,2);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));


}

void MainWindow::ShowZoomOut()      //图像缩小
{
    if (img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.scale(0.5,0.5);
    img=img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));


}

void MainWindow::ShowRotate90()                  //旋转90°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(90);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));

}


void MainWindow::ShowRotate180()        //旋转180°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(180);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

void MainWindow::ShowRotate270()      //旋转270°
{
    if(img.isNull())
    {
        return;
    }
    QMatrix matrix;
    matrix.rotate(270);
    img = img.transformed(matrix);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

void MainWindow::ShowMirrorVertical()   //纵向镜像
{
    if(img. isNull ())
    return;
    img=img.mirrored(false,true);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}
void MainWindow::ShowMirrorHorizontal() //横向镜像
{
    if(img. isNull ())
    return;
    img=img.mirrored(true,false);
    showWidget->imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img));
}

showwidget.cpp

#include "showwidget.h"

ShowWidget::ShowWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{
    imageLabel =new QLabel;
    imageLabel->setScaledContents( true);
    text =new QTextEdit;
    QHBoxLayout *mainLayout =new QHBoxLayout(this);
    mainLayout->addWidget(imageLabel);
    mainLayout->addWidget(text);
}


四、总结

窗口构成会在应用程序开发中经常用到的

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