跟着b站学习之 刘二大人up的
《PyTorch深度学习实践》完结合集
模型1:y_hat = wx
实现
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# Abstract : 模型:y^ = wx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
y_data = [2.0, 4.0, 6.0]
def forward(x): # 模型
return x * w
def loss(x,y): # 损失函数
y_pred = forward(x)
return (y_pred - y) * (y_pred - y)
def draw():
plt.plot(w_list,mse_list)
plt.xlabel('w')
plt.ylabel('loss')
plt.show()
w_list = []
mse_list = []
for w in np.arange(0.0, 4.1, 0.1): # 注意!!!!是np.arange()
print('w=', w)
l_sum = 0 # 一条条的loss累加
for x_val, y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
y_pred_val = forward(x_val)
loss_val = loss(x_val, y_val) # 每一条的loss
l_sum += loss_val
print('\t',x_val, y_val, "%.1f" % y_pred_val, "%.1f" % loss_val)
MSE = l_sum / 3
print('MSE=',MSE)
w_list.append(w)
mse_list.append(MSE)
draw()
结果:
模型2:y_hat = wx + b
实现
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# Abstract : 模型:y^ = wx + b
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
x_data = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
y_data = [1.0, 3.0, 5.0]
def forward(x):
return w * x + b
def loss(x,y):
y_pred = forward(x)
return (y_pred - y) * (y_pred - y)
'''
有两种方式绘图,绘图效果相同,唯一区别在第二行:
1、ax = Axes3D(fig)
2、sub = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
其中,1操作简单,但没办法标注zlable、zlim等关于z轴的信息
画3D图步骤:
1、创建绘图对象
2、创建3D对象
3、创建曲面对象
4、添加各种图例
5、绘图
'''
def draw1():
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
surf = ax.plot_surface(w, b, z, cmap='rainbow') # cmap是颜色
cb = fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.8, aspect=15, label=r'$mse(w,b)$') # 添加颜色棒图例
# shrink 颜色棒缩放,aspect 颜色棒长宽比
ax.set_xlabel(r'$w$') # == plt.xlabel(r'$w$')
ax.set_ylabel(r'$b$') # == plt.ylabel(r'$b$')
ax.set_zlabel(r'$mse$') # 不存在 plt.zlabel(r'$mse$')
plt.show()
def draw2():
fig = plt.figure()
sub = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') # 创建3D子图对象
surf = sub.plot_surface(w, b, z, cmap='rainbow')
cb = fig.colorbar(surf, label=r'$mse(w,b)$', shrink=0.8, aspect=15)
sub.set_xlabel(r'$w$')
sub.set_ylabel(r'$b$')
sub.set_zlabel(r'$mse$')
plt.show()
w_list = []
b_list = []
mse_list = []
for w in np.arange(1.0,3.0,0.2):
for b in np.arange(0.0,2.0,0.2):
print('w =', w, 'b=', b)
l_sum = 0
for x_val, y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
y_pred_val = forward(x_val)
loss_val = loss(x_val, y_val)
l_sum += loss_val
print(x_val, y_val, "%.1f" % y_pred_val, "%.1f" % loss_val)
MSE = l_sum / 3
print('MSE=', MSE)
w_list.append(w)
b_list.append(b)
mse_list.append(MSE)
# 画3D图前,数据预处理
w = np.array(w_list) # list -> array(一维数组)
w.resize((10, 10)) # 一维数组 -> 二维数组
b = np.array(b_list)
b.resize((10, 10))
z = np.array(mse_list)
z.resize((10, 10))
draw1()
#draw2()
结果:
难点1:画3D图步骤
1、创建绘图对象:
fig = plt.figure()
2、创建3D对象:
ax = Axes3D(fig)
3、创建曲面对象:
surf = ax.plot_surface(x, y, z)
4、添加各种图例
cb = fig.colorbar(surf)
ax.set_xlabel(r'$x$')
ax.set_ylabel(r'$y$')
ax.set_zlabel(r'$z$')
5、绘图
plt.show()
难点2:画3D图前,数据预处理
创建曲面对象时,传入的 x,y,z 均为二维数组。介绍几个函数:
- list -> array:
np.array()
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
arr = np.array(li)
- 一维数组 -> 二维数组:
reshape((row,column))、resize((row,column))
d = np.linspace(-1,1,10)
D = d.reshape((2,5)) # 将一维数组变成2行5列,原数组不会被覆盖
d.resize((2,5)) # 新的结果覆盖原来的数组
- 二维数组 -> 一维数组:
flatten()
arr = np.array([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
arr.flatten()
补充
关于3D图的更多细节,参考:
索哥Python科学绘图教程15