Spring依赖注入（DI）详解

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-30 10:56:50 发布

0x208QAQ

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-30 10:56:50 发布

阅读量237

点赞数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44773580/article/details/117265131

版权

Spring容器提供了四种依赖注入方式，分别是构造器注入、Set注入、拓展方式注入（p、c namespace，可与前两种方式合并）、注解式依赖注入（补充）。下面直接通过简单的代码来展示他们的使用方法~
1.构造器注入
构造器注入方式要求实体类中必须要有有参构造方法，在Spring配置文件中bean中使用<constructor-arg…>标签进行属性赋值,该标签提供了index（有参构造方法参数位置，从0开始）和name(有参构造方法参数名)两种赋值方式。
这里使用三个简单的类Man、Wife、Money为例：

Class Money:


public class Money {
    private int moneyNum;

    public Money() {
    }

    public Money(int moneyNum) {
        this.moneyNum = moneyNum;
    }

    public int getMoneyNum() {
        return moneyNum;
    }

    public void setMoneyNum(int moneyNum) {
        this.moneyNum = moneyNum;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Money{" +
                "moneyNum=" + moneyNum +
                '}';
    }
}

Class Wife:

public class Wife {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Wife() {
    }

    public Wife(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Wife{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Class Man:

public class Man {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Money money;
    private Wife wife;

    public Man() {
    }

    public Man(String name, int age, Money money, Wife wife) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.money = money;
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Money getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Money money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Wife getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(Wife wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Man{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", money=" + money +
                ", wife=" + wife +
                '}';
    }
}

applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--DI之构造注入-->
    <bean id="money" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Money">
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="10001"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="wife" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Wife">
        <constructor-arg name="age" value="28"/>
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="Taylor Swift"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="man" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Man">
        <constructor-arg name="age" value="20"/>
        <constructor-arg name="money" ref="money"/>
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="liu"/>
        <constructor-arg name="wife" ref="wife"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试类：

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void MyTest1(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Man man = context.getBean("man", Man.class);
        System.out.println(man);
    }
}

2.Set方式注入
Set方式要求实体类中必须要有Setter方法，凡是通过标签注入的属性统称为Set注入方式（包括数组、Map、Set等类型的注入，使用Set注入会默认调用类的无参构造函数。我们仍然使用上述的三个实体类来进行演示，唯一不同点在Spring中bean的配置：


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--DI之Set注入-->
    <bean id="money" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Money">
        <property name="moneyNum" value="10000"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="wife" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Wife">
        <property name="name" value="Taylor Swift"/>
        <property name="age" value="28"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="man" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Man">
        <property name="age" value="18"/>
        <property name="name" value="huhu"/>
        <property name="money" ref="money"/>
        <property name="wife" ref="wife"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

3.拓展方式注入(p、c nameSpace，前两种方式的另一种代码表述)
在bean标签上使用[p:属性名]或[c:属性名]或的方式直接注入属性，适用于一些较为简单的属性，并且支持ref引用类型。p标签就是property的缩写，c就是Constructor的缩写，因此使用p标签必须需要类具有Setter和无参构造方法,p命名空间的使用需要类具有有参构造方法。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!--DI之P命名空间注入-->
    <bean id="money" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Money" p:moneyNum="11111"/>
    <bean id="wife" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Wife" p:age="28" p:name="Taylor Swift"/>
    <bean id="man" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Man" p:name="liu" p:age="20" p:money-ref="money" p:wife-ref="wife"/>

<!--DI之C命名空间注入-->
    <bean id="wife" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Wife" c:name="taylor Swift" c:age="28"/>
    <bean id="money" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Money" c:moneyNum="19999"/>
    <bean id="man" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Man" c:age="19" c:name="liu" c:money-ref="money" c:wife-ref="wife"/>

</bean>

4.基于注解的依赖注入（补充）：
@Autowired注解可以加在引用类型上和Setter方法上，先通过byType方式查找有无匹配的bean,没有则使用byName方式进行匹配，并且当有多个bean类型符合要求时，可以在@Autowired后可通过添加@Qualifier(value = “beanName”)注解设置指定的bean进行装配。注意在使用注解进行自动装配时，需要在配置文件中加入<context:annotation-config/>。

Class Man:

public class Man {
    @Value("liu")
    private String name;
    @Value("20")
    private int age;
    @Autowired
    private Money money;
    @Autowired
    private Wife wife;

    public Man() {
    }

    public Man(String name, int age, Money money, Wife wife) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.money = money;
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Money getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Money money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Wife getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(Wife wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Man{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", money=" + money +
                ", wife=" + wife +
                '}';
    }
}

applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!--man-bean通过注解的方式实现自动装配-->
    <bean id="money" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Money">
        <property name="moneyNum" value="1000"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="wife" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Wife">
        <property name="age" value="20"/>
        <property name="name" value="Taylor Swift"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="man" class="com.ndkj.pojo.Man"/>
    
</bean>

0x208QAQ

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Spring依赖注入（DI）详解

Spring容器提供了四种依赖注入方式，分别是构造器注入、Set注入、拓展方式注入（p、c namespace，可与前两种方式合并）、注解依赖注入。下面直接通过简单的代码来展示他们的使用方法~1.构造器注入构造器注入方式要求实体类中必须要有有参构造方法，在Spring配置文件中bean中使用<constructor-arg…>标签进行属性赋值,该标签提供了index（有参构造方法参数位置，从0开始）和name(有参构造方法参数名)两种赋值方式。这里使用三个简单的类Man、Wife、Mo
复制链接

扫一扫