python中if x 和if x is not None的区别用法详解

注意：以下两种写法是有区别的。

• if x 和 if x is not None
• if not x 和 if x is None

        python里面的其他值也被检测为False。最常见的例子就是空列表，bool([])也返回False。但是，空列表有一个隐含的意思，它不等于None！！None意味着没有值，而空列表意味着零个值，这在语义上是不同的！

示例代码1：

x = None

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

 示例代码2：  【空列表不等于None】【python会自动给非boolean类型进行bool判断的时候转换成boolean类型】

x = []

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

示例代码3：

# x = [0]
x = [1]  # 这儿写0和1是一样的

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

 示例代码4：

x = 0

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

示例代码5：

x = 1

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

示例代码6：  【自定义类】【x是被__bool__初始化的】

class Foo(object):
    def __bool__(self):
        print("Foo将会被检测为Boolean类型")
        return True


x = Foo()

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：

示例代码7：

class Foo(object):
    def __bool__(self):
        print("Foo将会被检测为Boolean类型")
        return False


x = Foo()

print('test1' + '-' * 50)
if x:
    print('if x')

print('test2' + '-' * 50)
if x is not None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test3' + '-' * 50)
if not x:
    print('if x')

print('test4' + '-' * 50)
if x is None:
    print('if x is not None')

print('test5' + '-' * 50)
print(bool(x))

运行结果：