python 字典 总结

创建字典

字典是python唯一的一个映射类型

dict1 = {1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"}
# 创建一个空字典
dict2 = {}

dict3 = dict()
print(dict3)      # {}

# 以元组的形式传入
dict4 = dict(((1, "one"), ))
print(dict4)   # {1: 'one'}

# 以元组的形式传入
dict5 = dict(((1, "one"), (2, "two"), (3, "three")))   # {1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}
print(dict5)

# 以列表的形式传入，不过会有提示黄线，python好像不推荐，元组套字典在这里
dict6 = dict(([1, "one"], ))  # {1: 'one'}
print(dict6)

# 关键字赋值，如果key等于数字，或是字符串，会报错 SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression
dict7 = dict(lala="one")
print(dict7)  # {'lala': 'one'}

# 直接给关键字赋值
dict7[1] = "one"
print(dict7)    # {'lala': 'one', 1: 'one'}  如果key已存在，则覆盖值，没有则添加键值对

dict9 = {6: "se"}
print(dict9.setdefault(6,"six"))  # se
print(dict9)   # {6: 'se'}

fromkeys()方法

"""
fromkeys(s[,v]) 返回一个新字典  key传入一个可迭代对象，v唯一
"""

dict1 = {}
print(dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3)))  # {1: None, 2: None, 3: None}

print(dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),"num"))  # {1: 'num', 2: 'num', 3: 'num'}

print(dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),("one","two","three")))
# {1: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 2: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 3: ('one', 'two', 'three')}

print(dict1.fromkeys(range(20),"go"))
# {0: 'go', 1: 'go', 2: 'go', 3: 'go', 4: 'go', 5: 'go', 6: 'go', 7: 'go', 8: 'go', 9: 'go', 10: 'go', 11: 'go', 12: 'go', 13: 'go', 14: 'go', 15: 'go', 16: 'go', 17: 'go', 18: 'go', 19: 'go'}

访问字典

keys()
values()
items()

dict1 = dict()
dict1 = dict1.fromkeys(range(10),"go")
for i in dict1.keys():
    print(i)
for v in dict1.values():
    print(v)
for k,v in dict1.items():
    print(k,v)
    
# 访问单个值
print(dict1[11]) # 如果访问不存在的key，会报错 KeyError: 11
# get方法
print(dict1.get(11))  # None # get方法不会报错，可以设置value,如果不设置，会返回一个None
print(dict1.get(11,"lala")) # lala   # 设置会返回传入值
print(dict1.get(9,"lala"))  # go  # 如果访问已有value的key，贼返回key对应的值，

删除

dict2.clear()------->清空字典

dict1 = {1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three", 4: "four"}
print(dict1.pop(2))  # two
print(dict1)  # {1: 'one', 3: 'three', 4: 'four'}
print(dict1.popitem())  # 随机删除一对键值
print(dict1)
del dict1[1]   
print(dict1)   # {3: 'three'}

合并字典 update

dict9 = {6: "se"}
dict10 = {10: "ten"}
dict10.update(dict9)
print(dict10)   # {10: 'ten', 6: 'se'}