19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点

1 题目：

        19. 删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点 - 力扣（LeetCode）

        给你一个链表，删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点，并且返回链表的头结点

2 参考：

        代码随想录 (programmercarl.com)

        链表中倒数最后k个结点_牛客题霸_牛客网 (nowcoder.com)

3 代码;

C++

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0);
        dummyHead->next = head;
        ListNode* slow = dummyHead;
        ListNode* fast = dummyHead;
        while(n-- && fast != NULL) {
            fast = fast->next;
        }
        fast = fast->next; // fast再提前走一步，因为需要让slow指向删除节点的上一个节点
        while (fast != NULL) {
            fast = fast->next;
            slow = slow->next;
        }
        slow->next = slow->next->next; 
        
        // ListNode *tmp = slow->next;  C++释放内存的逻辑
        // slow->next = tmp->next;
        // delete nth;
        
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
};

Python3

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.next = next
class Solution:
    def removeNthFromEnd(self, head: Optional[ListNode], n: int) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        dummy_head = ListNode(0, head)
        
        # 创建两个指针，慢指针和快指针，并将它们初始化为虚拟节点
        slow = fast = dummy_head
        
        # 快指针比慢指针快 n+1 步
        for i in range(n+1):
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 移动两个指针，直到快速指针到达链表的末尾
        while fast:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 通过更新第 (n-1) 个节点的 next 指针删除第 n 个节点
        slow.next = slow.next.next
        
        return dummy_head.next