C++容器篇-----string的使用方法

string的构造函数

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//string的构造函数
void test01()
{
	string s1;//默认构造

	const char* str = "hello world";

	string s2(str);//把c_string转换成string
	cout << "s2= " << s2 << endl;

	string s3(s2);//拷贝构造函数
	cout << "s3= " << s3 << endl;

	string s4(10, 'a');
	cout << "s4= " << s4 << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的赋值操作

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//sting赋值操作
void test01()
{
	string str1;
	str1 = "hello world";
	cout << "str1= " << str1 << endl;

	string str2;
	str2 = str1;
	cout << "str2= " << str2 << endl;

	string str3;
	str3 = 'a';
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	string str4;
	str4.assign("hello C++");
	cout << "str4= " << str4 << endl;

	string str5;
	str5.assign("hello C++", 5);//输出字符串的前五个字符
	cout << "str5= " << str5 << endl;

	string str6;
	str6.assign(str5);
	cout << "str6= " << str6 << endl;

	string str7;
	str7.assign(10, 'w');
	cout << "str7= " << str7 << endl;

}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的字符串拼接

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//字符串拼接
void test01()
{
	string str1 = "我";
	str1 += "爱玩游戏";
	cout << "str1= " << str1 << endl;

	str1 += ':';
	cout << "str1= " << str1 << endl;

	string str2="LOL DNF";
	
	str1 += str2;
	cout << "str1= " << str1 << endl;

	string str3 = "I ";
	str3.append("love ");
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	str3.append("game  abcde", 4);
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	//str3.append(str2);
	//cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl;

	//str3.append(str2, 0, 3);//只截取LOL，
	str3.append(str2, 4, 7);//只截取DNF,参数2：从那个位置开始截取，参数3：截取字符的个数
	cout << "str3= " << str3 << endl; 
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的查找和替换

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//字符串查找和替换

//查找
void test01()
{
	//find
	string str1 = "abcdefgde";
	int pos=str1.find("df");
	if (pos == -1)
	{
		cout << "未找到字符串" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到字符串： pos = " << pos << endl;//返回的是起始下标
	}
	
	//rfind和find的区别
	//rfind 从右往左查，find从左往右查
	
	pos = str1.rfind("de");
	cout << pos << endl;
}

//替换

void test02()
{
	string str1 = "abcdefg";
	//从1号位置起 3个字符替换成1111
	str1.replace(1, 3, "1111");
	cout << str1 << endl;
}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的字符串比较

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//字符串比较

void test01()
{
	string str1 = "hello";
	string str2 = "xello";

	if (str1.compare(str2) == 0)
	{
		cout << "str1 等于 str2" << endl;
	}
	else if(str1.compare(str2) > 0)
	{
		cout << "str1 大于 str2" << endl;
	}
	else if (str1.compare(str2) < 0)
	{
		cout << "str1 小于 str2" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的字符存取

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//字符存取
void test01()
{
	string str = "hello";

	cout << str << endl;

	//通过 [] 访问单个字符
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << str[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//通过at的方式访问单个字符
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << str.at(i) << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//修改单个字符
	str[0] = 'x';
	cout << str << endl;


}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的插入和删除

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//字符串 插入和删除
void test01()
{
	string str = "hello";
	
	//插入
	str.insert(1, "111");//从某个位置起，插入字符串

	cout << str << endl;//  输出h111ello

	//删除
	str.erase(1, 3);     //从参数1起，删除长度为参数2的子串

	cout << str << endl;//  输出hello

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 

string的子串

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


//string求子串
void test01()
{
	string str = "abcdefg";
	//从参数1 开始，截取长度为参数2的子串
	string subStr = str.substr(1, 3);
	cout << subStr << endl;// 输出bcd
}

//实用操作
void test02()
{
	string email = "zhangsan@sina.com";

	//从邮箱地址中 获取用户信息

	int pos = email.find("@");

	cout << pos << endl;

	string userName = email.substr(0, pos);

	cout << userName << endl;
}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}