文章目录
第一个Mybatis程序
mybatis简介
MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年这个项目由apache software foundation迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis 。2013年11月迁移到Github。
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息,将接口和 Java 的 pojos映射成数据库中的记录
mybatis在github地址:https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3
(官网对mybatis的介绍和如何使用内容很详细,建议去看看)
(360浏览器可以将网页翻译成中文)
准备
1.建立一个数据库:
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`mybatis` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `mybatis`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` INT(20) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) VALUES (1,'陈情','123456'),(2,'避尘','abcdef'),(3,'随便','111111');
如下图
2.创建一个普通maven项目
3.导入数据库
4.配置pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>priv.sehun</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--连接数据库的驱动包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<!--希望maven在导出项目的时候,能够将我们的配置及资源导出-->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
5.删掉src目录,新建一个子maven,这样可以不用重复导入数据库和配置pom.xml,子maven会继承父maven的pom.xml和共享数据库
写代码
1.根据导入的数据库创建pojo实体类
package priv.sehun.pojo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public User() {
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2.编写mybatis配置文件
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--配置环境,这里可以有多种环境 default代表默认那种环境-->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<!--transactionManager:事务管理,type:jdbc-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--dataSource 数据源-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!--xml中不允许[&]符号直接出现,我们需要使用[ & ]代替-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
3.创建工具类
MyBatisUtils
package priv.sehun.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class MyBatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
//在maven中,所有的资源文件一般都放在resources目录下,我们可以直接拿到。
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//设置SqlSessionFactory公共的方法
public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(){
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
4.映射文件的接口,对应原来的dao接口
User
package priv.sehun.dao;
import priv.sehun.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
//获取全部的用户信息
List<User> selectUser();
//通过id查找用户信息
User selectById(int id);
//增加用户信息
int addUser(User user);
//通过id删除用户
int deleteById(int id);
//修改用户信息
int updateUser(User user);
}
5.编写对应的mapper映射文件
userMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--mapper标签的namespace对应Mapper接口的类-->
<mapper namespace="priv.sehun.dao.UserMapper">
<!--select标签的id对应映射接口的方法名字 resultType:返回结果的类型 中间就编写sql语句-->
<select id="selectUser" resultType="priv.sehun.pojo.User">
select * from user
</select>
<select id="selectById" resultType="priv.sehun.pojo.User">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="priv.sehun.pojo.User">
insert into user (id,name,pwd) value(#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
</insert>
<delete id="deleteById" parameterType="int">
delete from user where id = #{id}
</delete>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="priv.sehun.pojo.User">
update user set name = #{name} ,pwd = #{pwd} where id = #{id}
</update>
</mapper>
6.在mybatis配置文件中绑定编写映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--配置环境,这里可以有多套环境 default代表默认的是那一套-->
<environments default="development">
<!--配置一套环境 id .环境的名字-->
<environment id="development">
<!--transactionManager:事务管理,type:jdbc-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--dataSource 数据源-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!--xml中不允许[&]符号直接出现,我们需要使用[ & ]代替-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&charsetEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--关联映射文件-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="priv/sehun/dao/userMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
测试
在在maven的test文件夹下编写对应的测试类
package priv.sehun.dao;
import priv.sehun.dao.UserMapper;
import priv.sehun.pojo.User;
import priv.sehun.utils.MyBatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
@Test
public void selectUser(){
//1.拿到sqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
//2.通过sqlSessionFactory对象openSession()创建一个sqlSession。
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3.通过sqlSession获得mapper对象 , 参数为映射文件对应的接口类的class对象
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//4.通过mapper对象来执行操作;
List<User> users = mapper.selectUser();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Test
public void selectById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.selectById(1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void addUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(4,"陈","987654");
int i = mapper.addUser(user);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int i = mapper.deleteById(4);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(1, "魏", "111111");
int i = mapper.updateUser(user);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
}
运行结果
public void selectUser()(即查询所有用户信息)的运行结果
项目结构
代码优化
优化配置文件
创建一个database.properties
driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username = root
password = 123456
在mybatis配置文件中引入properties
<configuration>
<!--引入database.properties-->
<properties resource="database.properties"/>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!--value="${}"-->
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/kuang/dao/userMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
属性名和字段名不同的问题
【以我们写的第一个mybatis为例】
字段名—数据库: id name pwd
属性名—实体类: id name pwd
如果我们将实体类里 的【pwd】改成【password】,运行测试类里的selectUser():
会发现所有的password为null;
为什么?
select * from user 等价于 select id,name,pwd from user;
mybatis会根据数据库的字段名去找对应的实体类的属性名,然后去找实体类中对应的set方法,如果找不到就会返回null:
实体类中的password的set方法为
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
而mybatis找的是setPwd(),所以就会找不到。
解决方法
1.修改set方法名字 【不推荐使用】
public void setPwd(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
2.给sql语句取别名【字段少的时候使用】
将userMapper.xml中的
select * from user 改为 select id,name,pwd as password from user;
3.结果集映射ResultMap 【推荐】
<!--设置结果的映射类型-->
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<!--
一般通过id标签来映射主键
column = 数据库的列名
property = 结果集对应的数据库列名的映射名
-->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="pwd" property="password"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="selectUser" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from user
</select>