LeetCode之区间和的个数

**题目：**给定一个整数数组 nums，返回区间和在 [lower, upper] 之间的个数，包含 lower 和 upper。
区间和 S(i, j) 表示在 nums 中，位置从 i 到 j 的元素之和，包含 i 和 j (i ≤ j)。
说明:
最直观的算法复杂度是 O(n2) ，请在此基础上优化你的算法
示例：

方法一：动态规划

class Solution {
    public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {
        int count = 0, n = nums.length;
        long[] tmp=new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			tmp[i]=nums[i];
            if(tmp[i]<=upper&&tmp[i]>=lower)count++;
		}
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            for(int j=i+1;j<n;j++){
                tmp[i]+=tmp[j];
                if(tmp[i]<=upper&&tmp[i]>=lower)count++;
            }
        }
		return count;
    }
}

方法二：归并排序
思路与算法：

class Solution {
    public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {
        long s = 0;
        long[] sum = new long[nums.length + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            s += nums[i];
            sum[i + 1] = s;
        }
        return countRangeSumRecursive(sum, lower, upper, 0, sum.length - 1);
    }

    public int countRangeSumRecursive(long[] sum, int lower, int upper, int left, int right) {
        if (left == right) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
            int n1 = countRangeSumRecursive(sum, lower, upper, left, mid);
            int n2 = countRangeSumRecursive(sum, lower, upper, mid + 1, right);
            int ret = n1 + n2;

            // 首先统计下标对的数量
            int i = left;
            int l = mid + 1;
            int r = mid + 1;
            while (i <= mid) {
                while (l <= right && sum[l] - sum[i] < lower) {
                    l++;
                }
                while (r <= right && sum[r] - sum[i] <= upper) {
                    r++;
                }
                ret += r - l;
                i++;
            }

            // 随后合并两个排序数组
            int[] sorted = new int[right - left + 1];
            int p1 = left, p2 = mid + 1;
            int p = 0;
            while (p1 <= mid || p2 <= right) {
                if (p1 > mid) {
                    sorted[p++] = (int) sum[p2++];
                } else if (p2 > right) {
                    sorted[p++] = (int) sum[p1++];
                } else {
                    if (sum[p1] < sum[p2]) {
                        sorted[p++] = (int) sum[p1++];
                    } else {
                        sorted[p++] = (int) sum[p2++];
                    }
                }
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < sorted.length; j++) {
                sum[left + j] = sorted[j];
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }
}

方法三：线段树
思路与算法：

class Solution {
    public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {
        long sum = 0;
        long[] preSum = new long[nums.length + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            sum += nums[i];
            preSum[i + 1] = sum;
        }
        
        Set<Long> allNumbers = new TreeSet<Long>();
        for (long x : preSum) {
            allNumbers.add(x);
            allNumbers.add(x - lower);
            allNumbers.add(x - upper);
        }
        // 利用哈希表进行离散化
        Map<Long, Integer> values = new HashMap<Long, Integer>();
        int idx = 0;
        for (long x : allNumbers) {
            values.put(x, idx);
            idx++;
        }

        SegNode root = build(0, values.size() - 1);
        int ret = 0;
        for (long x : preSum) {
            int left = values.get(x - upper), right = values.get(x - lower);
            ret += count(root, left, right);
            insert(root, values.get(x));
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public SegNode build(int left, int right) {
        SegNode node = new SegNode(left, right);
        if (left == right) {
            return node;
        }
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        node.lchild = build(left, mid);
        node.rchild = build(mid + 1, right);
        return node;
    }

    public int count(SegNode root, int left, int right) {
        if (left > root.hi || right < root.lo) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (left <= root.lo && root.hi <= right) {
            return root.add;
        }
        return count(root.lchild, left, right) + count(root.rchild, left, right);
    }

    public void insert(SegNode root, int val) {
        root.add++;
        if (root.lo == root.hi) {
            return;
        }
        int mid = (root.lo + root.hi) / 2;
        if (val <= mid) {
            insert(root.lchild, val);
        } else {
            insert(root.rchild, val);
        }
    }
}

class SegNode {
    int lo, hi, add;
    SegNode lchild, rchild;

    public SegNode(int left, int right) {
        lo = left;
        hi = right;
        add = 0;
        lchild = null;
        rchild = null;
    }
}

方法四：动态增加节点的线段树
思路与算法
与方法二类似，但我们可以不实用哈希表进行映射，而是只在线段树的插入操作过程中动态地增加树中的节点。而当我们进行查询操作时，如果到达一个空节点，那么说明对应的区间中暂时还没有值，就可以直接返回 0。

class Solution {
    public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {
        long sum = 0;
        long[] preSum = new long[nums.length + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            sum += nums[i];
            preSum[i + 1] = sum;
        }
        
        long lbound = Long.MAX_VALUE, rbound = Long.MIN_VALUE;
        for (long x : preSum) {
            lbound = Math.min(Math.min(lbound, x), Math.min(x - lower, x - upper));
            rbound = Math.max(Math.max(rbound, x), Math.max(x - lower, x - upper));
        }
        
        SegNode root = new SegNode(lbound, rbound);
        int ret = 0;
        for (long x : preSum) {
            ret += count(root, x - upper, x - lower);
            insert(root, x);
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public int count(SegNode root, long left, long right) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (left > root.hi || right < root.lo) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (left <= root.lo && root.hi <= right) {
            return root.add;
        }
        return count(root.lchild, left, right) + count(root.rchild, left, right);
    }

    public void insert(SegNode root, long val) {
        root.add++;
        if (root.lo == root.hi) {
            return;
        }
        long mid = (root.lo + root.hi) >> 1;
        if (val <= mid) {
            if (root.lchild == null) {
                root.lchild = new SegNode(root.lo, mid);
            }
            insert(root.lchild, val);
        } else {
            if (root.rchild == null) {
                root.rchild = new SegNode(mid + 1, root.hi);
            }
            insert(root.rchild, val);
        }
    }
}

class SegNode {
    long lo, hi;
    int add;
    SegNode lchild, rchild;

    public SegNode(long left, long right) {
        lo = left;
        hi = right;
        add = 0;
        lchild = null;
        rchild = null;
    }
}

方法五：树状数组

class Solution {
    public int countRangeSum(int[] nums, int lower, int upper) {
        long sum = 0;
        long[] preSum = new long[nums.length + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            sum += nums[i];
            preSum[i + 1] = sum;
        }
        
        Set<Long> allNumbers = new TreeSet<Long>();
        for (long x : preSum) {
            allNumbers.add(x);
            allNumbers.add(x - lower);
            allNumbers.add(x - upper);
        }
        // 利用哈希表进行离散化
        Map<Long, Integer> values = new HashMap<Long, Integer>();
        int idx = 0;
        for (long x: allNumbers) {
            values.put(x, idx);
            idx++;
        }

        int ret = 0;
        BIT bit = new BIT(values.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < preSum.length; i++) {
            int left = values.get(preSum[i] - upper), right = values.get(preSum[i] - lower);
            ret += bit.query(right + 1) - bit.query(left);
            bit.update(values.get(preSum[i]) + 1, 1);
        }
        return ret;
    }
}

class BIT {
    int[] tree;
    int n;

    public BIT(int n) {
        this.n = n;
        this.tree = new int[n + 1];
    }

    public static int lowbit(int x) {
        return x & (-x);
    }

    public void update(int x, int d) {
        while (x <= n) {
            tree[x] += d;
            x += lowbit(x);
        }
    }

    public int query(int x) {
        int ans = 0;
        while (x != 0) {
            ans += tree[x];
            x -= lowbit(x);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}