一、在 Nodejs 中使用 Mongodb
在前面的博文我们给大家讲了如何使用命令操作 Mongodb,这篇博文开始我们给大家讲解一 下如何使用 Nodejs 来操作 Mongodb 数据库
Nodejs 操作 mongodb 数据库官方文档:https://www.mongodb.org.cn/drivers/5.html
npm install mongodb --save
或者
cnpm install mongodb --save
或者
yarn add mongodb
二、Nodejs 连接 MongoDb 数据库
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式
const dbName = 'itying';
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log("连接成功");
//获取 db 对象
const db = client.db(dbName); });
注意:如果数据库开启了权限验证的话需要使用下面方式连接数据库
其中:admin 表示用户名,123456 表示密码
const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/';
三、Nodejs 查找 MongoDb 数据库的数据
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象
db.collection("user").find({}).toArray(function(err,data){ //查找
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(data);
client.close();
})
});
四、Nodejs 给 MongoDb 增加数据
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
//获取 db 对象
const db = client.db(dbName);
//新增数据
db.collection("user").insertOne({"username":"nodejs","age":10},(err,result)=>{
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(result);
client.close();
})
});
五、Nodejs 修改 MongoDb 数据
const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式
const dbName = 'itying';
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象
db.collection("user").updateOne({"name":"zhangsan"},{$set:{"age":50}},(err,result)=>{
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(result);
client.close();
})
});
六、Nodejs 删除 MongoDb 数据
const {MongoClient,ObjectID} = require('mongodb');
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
//获取 db 对象
const db = client.db(dbName);
//删除数据
db.collection("user").deleteOne({ "username" : "nodejs" }, function(err, result) {
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(result);
client.close();
});
});
七、完整代码
/* 1.引入mongodb */
// const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
/* 2.定义数据库连接的地址 */
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';
/* 3.定义要操作的数据库 */
const dbName = 'itying';
/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });
/* 5.连接数据库 */
client.connect((err) => {
if (err) {
console.log('数据库连接失败!');
return;
}
console.log('数据库连接成功');
let db = client.db(dbName);
/* // 查找数据
db.collection("user").find({ "age": 20 }).toArray((err, data) => {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(data);
client.close();
}) */
/* // 增加数据
db.collection("user").insertOne({ "name": "nodejs", "age": 10 }, (err, result) => {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log("增加成功");
console.log(result);
// 6.操作数据库完毕以后一定要关闭数据库连接
client.close();
}) */
// 修改数据
/* db.collection("user").updateOne({"name": "xiaoli"}, {$set:{"age": 100}}, (err, data)=> {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log("修改成功");
console.log(data);
client.close();
})
*/
/* // 删除一条数据
db.collection("user").deleteOne({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log("删除一条数据成功");
client.close();
}) */
// 删除多条数据
db.collection("user").deleteMany({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log("删除多条数据成功");
client.close();
})
})
八、实战案例:
浏览器发送get请求 ,访问 /register,渲染出注册页面
浏览器发送post请求,访问 /doRegister, 后端获取前端提交的表单数据,然后将数据存入mongodb数据库中
浏览器发送get请求, 访问 / ,从mongodb数据库查询数据并渲染到前端页面上
app.js:
const http = require('http');
const querystring = require('querystring')
const app = require('./module/routes');
const ejs = require('ejs');
const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb");
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';
/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
// const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });
// 注册web服务
http.createServer(app).listen(8081);
// app.static("public"); // 修改默认静态web目录
// 配置路由
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {
/* 5.连接数据库 */
client.connect((err) => {
if (err) {
console.log('数据库连接失败!');
return;
}
console.log('数据库连接成功');
let db = client.db(dbName);
// 查找数据
db.collection("user").find({}).toArray((err, result) => {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(result);
client.close();
ejs.renderFile("./views/index.ejs", {
list: result
}, (err, data) => {
res.send(data);
})
})
})
})
})
app.get('/register', function (req, res) {
ejs.renderFile("./views/register.ejs",{}, (err, data)=> {
res.send(data);
})
})
app.post('/doRegister', function (req, res) {
let body = querystring.parse(req.body)
console.log(body)
MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {
if (err) {
console.log('数据库连接失败!');
return;
}
console.log('数据库连接成功');
let db = client.db(dbName);
db.collection("user").insertOne(body, (err, result)=> {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log('添加数据成功');
res.send('添加数据成功');
})
})
})
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');
routes.js:
const url = require('url')
const path = require('path')
const fs = require('fs')
// 扩展res
function changeRes(res) {
res.send = (data) => {
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });
res.end(data);
}
}
// 根据后缀名获取文件类型
let getFileMime = function (extname) {
// 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法
let data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');
let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString())
console.log(mimeObj[extname])
return mimeObj[extname]
}
// 静态web服务的方法
function initStatic (req, res, staticPath){
// 1. 获取地址
console.log(req.url)
let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname
// 默认加载index.html
if (pathname == '/') {
pathname = '/index.html'
} else {
pathname = pathname
}
// 获取路径中的后缀名
let extname = path.extname(pathname)
// 2.通过fs模块读取文件
try {
// 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法
let data = fs.readFileSync('./' + staticPath + pathname);
if (data) {
let mine = getFileMime(extname)
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': '' + mine + ';charset="utf-8"' });
res.end(data);
}
} catch (error) {}
}
let server = () => {
let G = {
_get: {}, // 把get 和 post分开保存
_post: {},
staticPath: "static" // 静态资源web目录
}
let app = function (req, res) {
// 扩展res的方法
changeRes(res)
// 配置静态web服务器
initStatic(req, res, G.staticPath)
// 路由
let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
// http://127.0.0.1:3000/login pathname = /login
// 获取请求类型
let method = req.method.toLowerCase()
if (G['_' + method][pathname]) {
if (method == "get") {
G['_' + method][pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法
} else {
// post 获取post的数据 把它绑定到req.body上
let postData = '';
req.on('data', (chunk) => {
postData += chunk;
})
req.on('end', () => {
console.log(postData)
req.body = postData
G._post[pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法
})
}
} else {
res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });
res.end('页面不存在');
}
}
app.get = function (string, callback) {
// 注册方法
G._get[string] = callback
/*
G['/login'] = function(req, res) {
res.send('hello world')
}
*/
// console.log('get方法')
}
app.post = function (string, callback) {
// 注册方法
G._post[string] = callback
}
// 配置静态web服务目录
app.static = function (staticPath){
G.staticPath = staticPath
}
return app;
}
module.exports = server()
mime.json:
{ ".323":"text/h323" ,
".3gp":"video/3gpp" ,
".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" ,
".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" ,
".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" ,
".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" ,
".ai":"application/postscript" ,
".aif":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" ,
".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" ,
".amc":"application/x-mpeg" ,
".ani":"application/octet-stream" ,
".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive" ,
".asc":"text/plain" ,
".asd":"application/astound" ,
".asf":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".asn":"application/astound" ,
".asp":"application/x-asap" ,
".asr":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".asx":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
".au":"audio/basic" ,
".avb":"application/octet-stream" ,
".avi":"video/x-msvideo" ,
".awb":"audio/amr-wb" ,
".axs":"application/olescript" ,
".bas":"text/plain" ,
".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio" ,
".bin ":"application/octet-stream" ,
".bld":"application/bld" ,
".bld2":"application/bld2" ,
".bmp":"image/bmp" ,
".bpk":"application/octet-stream" ,
".bz2":"application/x-bzip2" ,
".c":"text/plain" ,
".cal":"image/x-cals" ,
".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" ,
".ccn":"application/x-cnc" ,
".cco":"application/x-cocoa" ,
".cdf":"application/x-cdf" ,
".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi" ,
".chat":"application/x-chat" ,
".class":"application/octet-stream" ,
".clp":"application/x-msclip" ,
".cmx":"image/x-cmx" ,
".co":"application/x-cult3d-object" ,
".cod":"image/cis-cod" ,
".conf":"text/plain" ,
".cpio":"application/x-cpio" ,
".cpp":"text/plain" ,
".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro" ,
".crd":"application/x-mscardfile" ,
".crl":"application/pkix-crl" ,
".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".csh":"application/x-csh" ,
".csm":"chemical/x-csml" ,
".csml":"chemical/x-csml" ,
".css":"text/css" ,
".cur":"application/octet-stream" ,
".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
".dcr":"application/x-director" ,
".dcx":"image/x-dcx" ,
".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
".dhtml":"text/html" ,
".dir":"application/x-director" ,
".dll":"application/x-msdownload" ,
".dmg":"application/octet-stream" ,
".dms":"application/octet-stream" ,
".doc":"application/msword" ,
".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" ,
".dot":"application/msword" ,
".dvi":"application/x-dvi" ,
".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf" ,
".dwg":"application/x-autocad" ,
".dxf":"application/x-autocad" ,
".dxr":"application/x-director" ,
".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook" ,
".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
".eps":"application/postscript" ,
".epub":"application/epub+zip" ,
".eri":"image/x-eri" ,
".es":"audio/echospeech" ,
".esl":"audio/echospeech" ,
".etc":"application/x-earthtime" ,
".etx":"text/x-setext" ,
".evm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
".evy":"application/envoy" ,
".exe":"application/octet-stream" ,
".fh4":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fh5":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fhc":"image/x-freehand" ,
".fif":"application/fractals" ,
".flr":"x-world/x-vrml" ,
".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream" ,
".fm":"application/x-maker" ,
".fpx":"image/x-fpx" ,
".fvi":"video/isivideo" ,
".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input" ,
".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed" ,
".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb" ,
".gif":"image/gif" ,
".gps":"application/x-gps" ,
".gtar":"application/x-gtar" ,
".gz":"application/x-gzip" ,
".h":"text/plain" ,
".hdf":"application/x-hdf" ,
".hdm":"text/x-hdml" ,
".hdml":"text/x-hdml" ,
".hlp":"application/winhlp" ,
".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40" ,
".hta":"application/hta" ,
".htc":"text/x-component" ,
".htm":"text/html" ,
".html":"text/html" ,
".hts":"text/html" ,
".htt":"text/webviewhtml" ,
".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk" ,
".ico":"image/x-icon" ,
".ief":"image/ief" ,
".ifm":"image/gif" ,
".ifs":"image/ifs" ,
".iii":"application/x-iphone" ,
".imy":"audio/melody" ,
".ins":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
".ips":"application/x-ipscript" ,
".ipx":"application/x-ipix" ,
".isp":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
".it":"audio/x-mod" ,
".itz":"audio/x-mod" ,
".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml" ,
".j2k":"image/j2k" ,
".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" ,
".jam":"application/x-jam" ,
".jar":"application/java-archive" ,
".java":"text/plain" ,
".jfif":"image/pipeg" ,
".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file" ,
".jpe":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpeg":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpg":"image/jpeg" ,
".jpz":"image/jpeg" ,
".js":"application/x-javascript" ,
".jwc":"application/jwc" ,
".kjx":"application/x-kjx" ,
".lak":"x-lml/x-lak" ,
".latex":"application/x-latex" ,
".lcc":"application/fastman" ,
".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
".lgh":"application/lgh" ,
".lha":"application/octet-stream" ,
".lml":"x-lml/x-lml" ,
".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack" ,
".log":"text/plain" ,
".lsf":"video/x-la-asf" ,
".lsx":"video/x-la-asf" ,
".lzh":"application/octet-stream" ,
".m13":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".m14":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".m15":"audio/x-mod" ,
".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl" ,
".m4v":"video/x-m4v" ,
".ma1":"audio/ma1" ,
".ma2":"audio/ma2" ,
".ma3":"audio/ma3" ,
".ma5":"audio/ma5" ,
".man":"application/x-troff-man" ,
".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap" ,
".mbd":"application/mbedlet" ,
".mct":"application/x-mascot" ,
".mdb":"application/x-msaccess" ,
".mdz":"audio/x-mod" ,
".me":"application/x-troff-me" ,
".mel":"text/x-vmel" ,
".mht":"message/rfc822" ,
".mhtml":"message/rfc822" ,
".mi":"application/x-mif" ,
".mid":"audio/mid" ,
".midi":"audio/midi" ,
".mif":"application/x-mif" ,
".mil":"image/x-cals" ,
".mio":"audio/x-mio" ,
".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs" ,
".mng":"video/x-mng" ,
".mny":"application/x-msmoney" ,
".moc":"application/x-mocha" ,
".mocha":"application/x-mocha" ,
".mod":"audio/x-mod" ,
".mof":"application/x-yumekara" ,
".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile" ,
".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input" ,
".mov":"video/quicktime" ,
".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie" ,
".mp2":"video/mpeg" ,
".mp3":"audio/mpeg" ,
".mp4":"video/mp4" ,
".mpa":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" ,
".mpe":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpeg":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpg":"video/mpeg" ,
".mpg4":"video/mp4" ,
".mpga":"audio/mpeg" ,
".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application" ,
".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project" ,
".mps":"application/x-mapserver" ,
".mpv2":"video/mpeg" ,
".mrl":"text/x-mrml" ,
".mrm":"application/x-mrm" ,
".ms":"application/x-troff-ms" ,
".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook" ,
".mts":"application/metastream" ,
".mtx":"application/metastream" ,
".mtz":"application/metastream" ,
".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
".mzv":"application/metastream" ,
".nar":"application/zip" ,
".nbmp":"image/nbmp" ,
".nc":"application/x-netcdf" ,
".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb" ,
".ndwn":"application/ndwn" ,
".nif":"application/x-nif" ,
".nmz":"application/x-scream" ,
".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" ,
".npx":"application/x-netfpx" ,
".nsnd":"audio/nsnd" ,
".nva":"application/x-neva1" ,
".nws":"message/rfc822" ,
".oda":"application/oda" ,
".ogg":"audio/ogg" ,
".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" ,
".p10":"application/pkcs10" ,
".p12":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" ,
".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" ,
".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature" ,
".pac":"audio/x-pac" ,
".pae":"audio/x-epac" ,
".pan":"application/x-pan" ,
".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap" ,
".pcx":"image/x-pcx" ,
".pda":"image/x-pda" ,
".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb" ,
".pdf":"application/pdf" ,
".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr" ,
".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap" ,
".pict":"image/x-pict" ,
".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko" ,
".pm":"application/x-perl" ,
".pma":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmc":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmd":"application/x-pmd" ,
".pml":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmr":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".pmw":"application/x-perfmon" ,
".png":"image/png" ,
".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap" ,
".pnz":"image/png" ,
".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap" ,
".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".ppt":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
".pptx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" ,
".pqf":"application/x-cprplayer" ,
".pqi":"application/cprplayer" ,
".prc":"application/x-prc" ,
".prf":"application/pics-rules" ,
".prop":"text/plain" ,
".proxy":"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig" ,
".ps":"application/postscript" ,
".ptlk":"application/listenup" ,
".pub":"application/x-mspublisher" ,
".pvx":"video/x-pv-pvx" ,
".qcp":"audio/vnd.qcelp" ,
".qt":"video/quicktime" ,
".qti":"image/x-quicktime" ,
".qtif":"image/x-quicktime" ,
".r3t":"text/vnd.rn-realtext3d" ,
".ra":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".ram":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rar":"application/octet-stream" ,
".ras":"image/x-cmu-raster" ,
".rc":"text/plain" ,
".rdf":"application/rdf+xml" ,
".rf":"image/vnd.rn-realflash" ,
".rgb":"image/x-rgb" ,
".rlf":"application/x-richlink" ,
".rm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rmf":"audio/x-rmf" ,
".rmi":"audio/mid" ,
".rmm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rmvb":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,
".rnx":"application/vnd.rn-realplayer" ,
".roff":"application/x-troff" ,
".rp":"image/vnd.rn-realpix" ,
".rpm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" ,
".rt":"text/vnd.rn-realtext" ,
".rte":"x-lml/x-gps" ,
".rtf":"application/rtf" ,
".rtg":"application/metastream" ,
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}