多线程
1. 线程简介
任务,进程,线程,多线程
- 多任务
- 现实中太多这样同时做多件事情的例子了,看起来是多个任务都在做,其实本质上我们的大脑在同一时间依旧只做了一件事情。
- 多线程
- 原来是一条路,慢慢因为车太多了,道路堵塞,效率极低。为了提高使用的效率,能够充分利用道路,于是加了多个车道。从此,妈妈再也不用担心道路堵塞了。
- 普通方法调用和多线程
Process与Thread - 说起进程,就不得不说下程序。程序是指令和数据的有序集合,其本身没有任何运行的含义,是一个静态的概念。
- 而进程则是执行程序的一次执行过程,它是一个动态的概念。是系统资源分配的单位
- 通常在一个进程中可以包含若干个线程,当然一个进程中至少有一个线程,不然没有存在的意义。线程是CPU调度和执行的的单位。
- 注意:很多多线程是模拟出来的,真正的多线程是指有多个cpu, 即多核,如服务器。如果是模拟出来的多线程,即在一个cpu的情况下,在同一个时间点,cpu只能执行一个代码,因为切换的很快,所以就有同时执行的错局。
核心概念
- 注意:很多多线程是模拟出来的,真正的多线程是指有多个cpu, 即多核,如服务器。如果是模拟出来的多线程,即在一个cpu的情况下,在同一个时间点,cpu只能执行一个代码,因为切换的很快,所以就有同时执行的错局。
2. 线程的创建
三种创建的方式
2.1 Thread类
package 继承Thread类;
/**
* 创建线程方法一:继承Thread类,重写run方法,调用start开启线程
* 总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行
*/
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();
//调用start()方法,开启线程
testThread01.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程-----");
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码-----");
}
}
}
- 网图下载
package 网图下载;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* 练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
*/
public class TestThread extends Thread{
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread testThread1 = new TestThread("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0152eb5fe716f411013fdcc74c5787.jpg@2o.jpg","1.jpg");
TestThread testThread2 = new TestThread("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0178f65fe716f411013fdcc72a2990.jpg@2o.jpg","2.jpg");
TestThread testThread3 = new TestThread("https://img.zcool.cn/community/01395b5fe716f411013ee04d8776c3.jpg@2o.jpg","3.jpg");
testThread1.start();
testThread2.start();
testThread3.start();
}
private String url;//网络地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestThread(String url,String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload();
try {
webDownload.Downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了:"+name);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownload{
//下载方法
public void Downloader(String url,String name) throws Exception {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}
}
2.2 Runnable接口
package 实现Runnable接口;
import 继承Thread类.TestThread01;
public class TestRunnable01 implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();
//调用start()方法,开启线程
new Thread(testThread01).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程-----");
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码-----");
}
}
}
网图下载
package 实现Runnable接口;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
public class TestRunnable02 implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestRunnable02 testThread1 = new TestRunnable02("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0152eb5fe716f411013fdcc74c5787.jpg@2o.jpg","1.jpg");
TestRunnable02 testThread2 = new TestRunnable02("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0178f65fe716f411013fdcc72a2990.jpg@2o.jpg","2.jpg");
TestRunnable02 testThread3 = new TestRunnable02("https://img.zcool.cn/community/01395b5fe716f411013ee04d8776c3.jpg@2o.jpg","3.jpg");
new Thread(testThread1).start();
new Thread(testThread2).start();
new Thread(testThread3).start();
}
private String url;//网络地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestRunnable02(String url,String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload();
try {
webDownload.Downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了:"+name);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownload{
//下载方法
public void Downloader(String url,String name) throws Exception {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}
}
- 总结
龟兔赛跑
package 龟兔赛跑;
/**
* 模拟龟兔赛跑
*/
public class Race implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子休息
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%50==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag=gameOver(i);
//如何比赛结束,就停止程序
if (flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断是否完成比赛
private Boolean gameOver(int step){
//判断是否有胜利者
if (winner!=null){
return true;
}{
if (step>=100){
winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(winner+"赢得了比赛");
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
2.3 Callable接口
package 实现Callable接口;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* 线程创建方法三:实现Callable接口
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable TestCallable1 = new TestCallable("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0152eb5fe716f411013fdcc74c5787.jpg@2o.jpg","1.jpg");
TestCallable TestCallable2 = new TestCallable("https://img.zcool.cn/community/0178f65fe716f411013fdcc72a2990.jpg@2o.jpg","2.jpg");
TestCallable TestCallable3 = new TestCallable("https://img.zcool.cn/community/01395b5fe716f411013ee04d8776c3.jpg@2o.jpg","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1=ser.submit(TestCallable1);
Future<Boolean> r2=ser.submit(TestCallable2);
Future<Boolean> r3=ser.submit(TestCallable3);
//获取结果
Boolean rs1 = r1.get();
Boolean rs2 = r2.get();
Boolean rs3 = r3.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdown();
}
private String url;//网络地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload();
try {
webDownload.Downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了:"+name);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return true;
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownload{
//下载方法
public void Downloader(String url,String name) throws Exception {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}
}
3. 静态代理模式
package 静态代理模式;
/**
* 静态代理模式总结:
* 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
* 代理对象要代理真实角色
* 好处:
* 代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不到的事情
* 真实对象专注自己的事情
*/
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// You you = new You();//你要结婚
new Thread(()-> System.out.println("我爱你")).start();
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真是的角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("我要结婚了,超开心");
}
}
//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,付尾款。");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前,布置现场");
}
}
4. Lamda表达式
package Lambda表达式;
/**
* 推到Lambda表达式
*/
public class TestLambda01 {
//3. 静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lambda();
like = new Like2();
like.lambda();
//4. 局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda3");
}
}
like =new Like3();
like.lambda();
//5. 匿名内部类
like =new ILike() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda4");
}
};
like.lambda();
//6. 用Lambda简化
like=()->{
System.out.println("I like lambda5");
};
like.lambda();
}
}
//1. 定义一个函数接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}
//2. 实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda");
}
}
package Lambda表达式;
public class TestLambda02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ilove love=null;
//简化括号
love =(a,b,c)->{
System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
System.out.println("i love you-->"+b);
System.out.println("i love you-->"+c);
};
//总结:
//lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成为一行,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹。
//前提是接口为函数式接口
//多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号
}
}
interface Ilove{
void love(int a,int b,int c);
}
总结:
- ambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成为一行,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹。
- 前提是接口为函数式接口
- 多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号
5. 线程状态(五大状态)
5.1 停止线程
package 线程停止;
/**
* 测试stop
* 1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环。
* 2。建议使用标志位--->设置一个标志位
* 3。不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
*/
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if (i==90){
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止");
break;
}
}
}
//1. 设置一个标志位
private Boolean flag=true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("Run....Thread"+i++);
}
}
//设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志符
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
}
5.2 线程休眠
package 线程休眠;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestSleep {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//模拟倒计时
// Ten();
//打印当前系统的时间
Date date=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前的时间
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(date));
date=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前的时间
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void Ten() throws InterruptedException {
int time=10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(time--);
if (time<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
5.3 线程礼让
package 线程礼让;
/**
* 测试礼让线程
* 礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情
*/
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
5.4 线程强制执行(Join)
package 线程强制执行Join;
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//启动我们的线程
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread=new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if (i==200){
thread.join();//线程插队
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP来了"+i);
}
}
}
5.5 线程状态观测
package 观测线程状态;
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread=new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("//");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//NEW(新生)
//观察启动后
thread.start();//启动线程
state=thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//RUN(正在运行)
while (state!= Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(1000);
state=thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
5.6 线程优先级
package 线程的优先级;
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread thread4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread thread5 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级
thread1.start();
thread2.setPriority(1);
thread2.start();
thread3.setPriority(4);
thread3.start();
thread4.setPriority(8);
thread4.start();
thread5.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//MAX_PRIORITY=10
thread5.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
5.7 守护线程(daemon)
package 守护线程;
/**
* 测试守护线程
*上帝守护你
*/
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程
thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//你,用户线程启动...
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都很快乐的活着");
}
System.out.println("========goodbye world================");
}
}
6. 线程的同步
多个线程操作同一个资源
- 并发
- 线程同步
- 队列和锁
6.1 三大不安全案例
- 不安全的买票
package 三大不安全案例;
/**
* 不安全的买票
* 线程不安全,有负数
*/
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"可恶的黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticket=10;
Boolean flag=true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
this.buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticket<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
//模拟实验
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了-->"+ticket--);
}
}
- 不安全的取钱
package 三大不安全案例;
/**
* 不安全的取钱
* 两个人去银行取钱,账户
*/
public class UnsafeBunk {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money,String name){
this.money=money;
this.name=name;
}
}
//银行:模拟存款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账号
int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
int nowMoney;//现在手上多少钱
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-你取的钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//现在你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName()=this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
- 线程不安全的集合
package 三大不安全案例;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 线程不安全的集合
*/
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(10);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
6.2 同步方法及同步块
- 同步方法
- 同步方法的弊端
- 同步块
package 三大不安全案例;
/**
* 不安全的买票
* 线程不安全,有负数
*/
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"可恶的黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticket=10;
Boolean flag=true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
this.buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
public synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticket<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
//模拟实验
Thread.sleep(10);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了-->"+ticket--);
}
}
package 三大不安全案例;
/**
* 不安全的取钱
* 两个人去银行取钱,账户
*/
public class UnsafeBunk {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money,String name){
this.money=money;
this.name=name;
}
}
//银行:模拟存款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账号
int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
int nowMoney;//现在手上多少钱
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
synchronized (account){
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-你取的钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//现在你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName()=this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
package 三大不安全案例;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 线程不安全的集合
*/
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(10);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
- 测试JUC安全类型的集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList是安全的)
package 三大不安全案例;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
/**
* 测试JUC安全类型的集合
*/
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
6.3 死锁
package 死锁;
/**
* 死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
*/
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();
int choice;//选择
String girlName;//使用化妆的人
public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
private void makeup () throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror){//一分钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
} else {
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
synchronized (lipstick){//一分钟后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
6.4 锁(Lock)
package 锁lLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock02 testLock = new TestLock02();
new Thread(testLock).start();
new Thread(testLock).start();
new Thread(testLock).start();
}
}
class TestLock02 implements Runnable{
int ticket=10;
//定义lock锁 ReentrantLock(可重入的)
private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();//加锁
if (ticket>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticket--);
}else {
break;
}
}finally {
//解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
- synchronized(已同步)与Lock对比
7. 线程写作
生产者消费者模式
- 线程通信
- 线程通信-分析
解决方法一(管程法)
package 管程法;
/**
* 测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲解决:管程法
* 生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
*/
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
new Productor(synContainer).start();
new Consumer(synContainer).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
try {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("生产了->"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
try {
System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id;//产品编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens=new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count=0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) throws InterruptedException {
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if (count==chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
this.wait();
}
//如果没有满我们就丢入产品
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop () throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否能消费
if (count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
this.wait();
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken=chickens[count];
//可以通知生产者了
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
解决方法二(信号灯法)
package 管程法;
/**
* 测试生产者消费者的问题二:信号灯法,标志位解决
*/
public class TestPC02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者->演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i%2==0){
try {
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else {
try {
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//消费者->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
try {
this.tv.watch();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//产品—>节目
class TV {
//演员表演,观众等待 true
//观众观看,演员等待 false
String voice;
Boolean flag=true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice) throws InterruptedException {
if (!flag){
this.wait();
}
System.out.println("演员表演了->"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch() throws InterruptedException {
if (flag){
this.wait();
}
System.out.println("观众观看了->"+voice);
this.notifyAll();//通知
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
使用线程池
package 线程池;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* 测试线程池
*/
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1. 创建服务,创建线程池
//2. newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}