c++模板原编程

1.定义：

运行在编译期间的代码，执行速度快于正常c++代码，但是会延长编译期的时间。
优点：

1. 较小的可执行文件
2. 较短的运行期
3. 较少的内存需求（运用的enum不开辟空间）

2.最基础的模板元程序

计算n!

template<unsigned n>
 class Func {
 public:
     enum { re = Func<n - 1>::re * n };
     //static const int re = Func<n - 1>::re * n;
 };

 template<>
 class Func<1> {
 public:
     enum{re=1};
     //static const int re = 1;
 };

为什么推荐用enum，而不是static const？运行编译都可以通过。

The main reason was that compilers were unable to deal with static const integers (including
bool). The advantage of using an enum over a static constant is that the compiler will never reserve
storage space for the constant, as the computation is either static or it fails.
Conversely, a static constant integer could be “misused” as a normal integer, for example, taking
its address (an operation that the compiler will disallow on enums).

enum不会开辟空间、没有地址，值不会被改变，而static const int 会。
To be continue