Future接口
public interface Future<V> {
//取消任务执行
//当任务还没有启动,返回ture
//当任务正在运行中,会根据mayInterruptIfRunning参数决定是否中断当前运行的线程来取消当前运行的任务
//当任务已经完成或异常,其他一些原因不能中断时,返回false
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
//判断任务完成之前是否被取消
//只用当任务时未启动状态或完成之前被取消 该方法才会返回true,其他情况都返回false
boolean isCancelled();
//判断任务是否执行完成
//异常退回,正常执行完成,被取消 都会返回true
boolean isDone();
//获取任务执行结果会异常
//会阻塞等到结果返回
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
//同上 只不过设置了超时时间,超时之后会返回出TimeoutException异常
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
RunnableFuture
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
//任务
void run();
}
FutureTask
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {
/**
线程可能变化的路线
* NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
* NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
* NEW -> CANCELLED
* NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
*/
private volatile int state;
private static final int NEW = 0;
private static final int COMPLETING = 1;
private static final int NORMAL = 2;
private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3;
private static final int CANCELLED = 4;
private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;
/** 需要执行的任务*/
private Callable<V> callable;
/**返回值 */
private Object outcome;
/**运行任务的线程*/
private volatile Thread runner;
/**表示等待线程的堆栈,在FutureTask的实现中,会通过CAS结合此堆栈交换任务的运行状态。*/
private volatile WaitNode waiters;
//状态大于CANCELLED 都返回true 表示成功取消
public boolean isCancelled() {
return state >= CANCELLED;
}
//只要状态不是NEW 都返回true 表示任务执行完成
public boolean isDone() {
return state != NEW;
}
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
//状态不是NEW 或者CAS返回值是false 则直接返回false,表示取消任务失败
if (!(state == NEW &&
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW,
mayInterruptIfRunning ? INTERRUPTING : CANCELLED)))
return false;
try { //如果mayInterruptIfRunning参数是true,则将运行任务的线程中断
if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
try {
Thread t = runner;
if (t != null)
t.interrupt();
} finally { // final state
//将状态置为INTERRUPTED
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED);
}
}
} finally {
finishCompletion();
}
return true;
}
private void finishCompletion() {
// 定义一个循环 终止条件是waiters==null
for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
//CAS成功之后,进入自旋循环
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
for (;;) {
//取出线程
Thread t = q.thread;
if (t != null) {
//将线程置为null
q.thread = null;
//恢复该线程,让其运行完毕
LockSupport.unpark(t);
}
WaitNode next = q.next;
//判断如果next没有引用 则直接break
if (next == null)
break;
q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
q = next;
}
break;
}
}
//子类实现
done();
//将任务置为null
callable = null; // to reduce footprint
}
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
//获取当前状态大于COMPLETING
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
//则判断下一步如何执行,并返回其状态
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
//根据返回的状态 获取任务执行的返回值
return report(s);
}
public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
//这里同上 ,只不过加了超时判断
if (unit == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING &&
(s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)//如果超时 直接抛出TimeoutException异常
throw new TimeoutException();
return report(s);
}
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
for (;;) {//自旋循环
if (Thread.interrupted()) {//如果线程异常了,则直接抛出InterruptedException异常
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {//如果状态大于COMPLETING,不论是正常执行完成还是异常了,都是执行完成了
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;//执行完成之后将执行任务线程置空,gc
return s;//将完成任务之后的状态返回
}
//如果状态是 COMPLETING 则将线程礼让出去
else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
Thread.yield();
else if (q == null)//如果WaitNode未空 则创建一个
q = new WaitNode();
else if (!queued)//CAS
queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {//如果设置了超时件
nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanos <= 0L) {//判断是否超时
removeWaiter(q);
return state;
}
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
else//否则 暂停当前线程
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
public void run() {
//状态不是NEW 或者CAS为false 直接返回
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
//要执行的任务
Callable<V> c = callable;
//当前状态是NEW
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
//调用call方法执行任务 接受返回值
result = c.call();
//将ran置为true
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
//代表正常执行,并且有返回值
if (ran)
//将返回值设置给outcome,并将状态更新
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)//如果异常 则线程礼让
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
}