head和tail命令详解

基础命令学习目录首页

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/amosli/p/3496027.html

当要查看上千行的大文件时，我们可不会用cat命令把整个文件内容给打印出来，相反，我们可能只需要看文件的一小部分地内容（例如文件的前十行和后十行）,我们也有可能需要打印出来前n行或后n行,也有可能打印除了前n行或后n行之外的所有行，也有可能需要实时监控log日志的更新，那么怎么实现呢？下面一起来看一下linux下使用率极高的head ,tail两个命令。

一、head命令详解

首先，输入head --help查看帮助信息:

[](javascript:void(0)😉

amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/fd$ head --help
Usage: head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -c, --bytes=[-]K         print the first K bytes of each file;
                             with the leading `-', print all but the last
                             K bytes of each file
  -n, --lines=[-]K         print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
                             with the leading `-', print all but the last
                             K lines of each file
  -q, --quiet, --silent    never print headers giving file names
  -v, --verbose            always print headers giving file names
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

[](javascript:void(0)😉

回到顶部

head命令的语法格式为:

head [OPTION]... [FILE]...

接下来将在实例中讲解各参数含义及用法：

回到顶部

实例：

1.使用head命令查看文件内容前十行

新建test.txt,共14行.

[](javascript:void(0)😉

amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/fd$ cat -n test.txt 
     1    a
     2    b
     3    c
     4    d
     5    e
     6    f
     7    g
     8    h
     9    i
    10    j
    11    k
    12    l
    13    m
    14    n

[](javascript:void(0)😉

使用head命令查看前十行,head命令默认显示文件前十行

[](javascript:void(0)😉

amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/fd$ head test.txt 
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j

[](javascript:void(0)😉

2.-n参数，显示test.txt文件的前3行

amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/fd$ head -n 3 test.txt 
a
b
c

英文提示信息：

  -n, --lines=[-]K         print the first K lines instead of the first 10;                   

3.-n参数显示除了文件最后3行外的所有内容

[](javascript:void(0)😉

amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/fd$ head -n -3 test.txt 
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k

[