head与tail

head

head用于显示文件的前10行，后面直接跟文件名

[root@ftp-test logs]# head Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-04 18:28:57 ] -开始处理数据-b'"bbb"'
[ 2019-06-04 18:29:19 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type1": "updateIp", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "add_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"], "del_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"]}}'
[ 2019-06-04 18:31:10 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-04 18:31:10 ] -添加FTP用户-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:16:43 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:16:43 ] -添加FTP用户-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:20:38 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:20:38 ] -添加FTP用户-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:27:31 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[ 2019-06-10 10:27:31 ] -添加FTP用户-b'{"type": "addAccount", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "name": "sunfn", "password": "sun12345", "permissions": [1, 2]}}'
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

如果加-n选项，则显示文件的前n行

[root@ftp-test logs]# head -n 2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-04 18:28:57 ] -开始处理数据-b'"bbb"'
[ 2019-06-04 18:29:19 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type1": "updateIp", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "add_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"], "del_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"]}}'
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

选项-n 后有无空格都可以，n也可以省略，直接在-后面加数字

[root@ftp-test logs]# head -n2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-04 18:28:57 ] -开始处理数据-b'"bbb"'
[ 2019-06-04 18:29:19 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type1": "updateIp", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "add_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"], "del_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"]}}'
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

[root@ftp-test logs]# head -2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-04 18:28:57 ] -开始处理数据-b'"bbb"'
[ 2019-06-04 18:29:19 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"type1": "updateIp", "param": {"id": "test_sunfn", "add_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"], "del_ips": ["127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.0"]}}'
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

tail

tail命令与head命令相似，显示文件的后10行，后面直接跟文件名

[root@ftp-test logs]# tail Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:07 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"msg_type":1,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22","permissions":[1,3,5]}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:07 ] -添加FTP用户-b'{"msg_type":1,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22","permissions":[1,3,5]}}'
{"code": 0, "msg": ""}
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:20 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"msg_type":2,"msg_data":{"password":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22ss"},"permissions":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","permissions":[1,4,5]}}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:20 ] -更新FTP账户密码-b'{"msg_type":2,"msg_data":{"password":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22ss"},"permissions":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","permissions":[1,4,5]}}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:20 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"msg_type":3,"msg_data":{"password":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22ss"},"permissions":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","permissions":[1,4,5]}}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:20 ] -更新FTP账户权限-b'{"msg_type":3,"msg_data":{"password":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","password":"aaDD22ss"},"permissions":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa","permissions":[1,4,5]}}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:25 ] -开始处理数据-b'{"msg_type":4,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa"}}'
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:25 ] -删除FTP账户-b'{"msg_type":4,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa"}}'
{"code": 0, "msg": ""}
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

同样，-n选项后有无空格都可，n也可以省略

[root@ftp-test logs]# tail -n 2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:25 ] -删除FTP账户-b'{"msg_type":4,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa"}}'
{"code": 0, "msg": ""}
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

[root@ftp-test logs]# tail -n2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:25 ] -删除FTP账户-b'{"msg_type":4,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa"}}'
{"code": 0, "msg": ""}
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

[root@ftp-test logs]# tail -2 Get_MQ.log 
[ 2019-06-19 15:57:25 ] -删除FTP账户-b'{"msg_type":4,"msg_data":{"customer_name":"hello","username":"admin_aa"}}'
{"code": 0, "msg": ""}
[root@ftp-test logs]# 

另外，tail的-f选项也常用，它可以动态显示文件的最后10行。如果文件内容在不断的增加，使用-f选项更加方便和直观，比如
tail -f Get_MQ.log
可以动态、实时的查看文件Get_MQ.log文件中的内容