一、读写分离
1.atlas实现读写分离
大型网站为了软件大量的并发访问，除了在网站实现分布式负载均衡，远远不够。到了数据业务 层、数据访问层，如果还是传统的数据结构，或者只是单单靠一台服务器扛，如此多的数据库连 接操作，数据库必然会崩溃，数据丢失的话，后果更是 不堪设想。这时候，我们会考虑如何减少 数据库的联接，一方面采用优秀的代码框架，进行代码的优化，采用优秀的数据缓存技术， 如: memcached,如果资 金丰厚的话，必然会想到假设服务器群，来分担主数据库的压力。那么通过 MySQL主从配置，实现读写分离，减轻数据库压力。
- 基本原理 让master来响应事务性操作，让slave来响应select非事务性操作，然后再采用主从复制来把
master上的事务性操作同步到slave数据库中。
[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:Atlas-2.2.1-1 ################################# [100%]
[root@db03 /server/tools]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf [root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak
1.2 配置
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat > test.cnf <<EOF
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user
admin-password = pwd
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.55:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.52:3306,10.0.0.53:3306
pwds = #写 从库 repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8
EOF
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# masterha_check_status -- conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
app1 (pid:8231) is running(0:PING_OK), master:10.0.0.51
1.3 启动atlas
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql- proxyd test start
error: MySQL-Proxy of test is running now
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* 8164/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33060 0.0.0.0:* 8164/mysql-proxy
1.4 远程登录mha用户
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.0.0.53 - P33060
db03 [(none)]>
1.5 检查只读id，读的操作会在2个从节点上漂移，自带负载均衡
测试读操作
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id; +-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 52 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id; +-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 53 | +-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试写操作
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id | +-------------+
| 51 | +-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.6 生产授权用户
(1)、业务主库中创建用户
例子:root@'10.0.0.%'
业务主库中
db02 [(none)]>grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
db02 [(none)]>
(2)将密码进行加密
cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt 123 3yb5jEku5h4=
(3) 修改配置文件
vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
...
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,root:3yb5jEku5h4= ...
(4) 重启atlas
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
(5)登录测试
mysql -uroot -p123 -h 10.0.0.53 -P 33060
1.7 altas基础管理
连接管理接口
[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h10.0.0.53 -P2345
atlas常用的
(1) 查帮助
SELECT * FROM help ;
(2)查看节点信息
SELECT * FROM backends ;
(3)上线和下线节点
SET OFFLINE $backend_id ;
SET ONLINE $backend_id
(4)删除和添加节点
REMOVE BACKEND 3;
ADD SLAVE 10.0.0.53:3306;
(5) 添加用户和删除用户
SELECT * FROM pwds ; 查看
REMOVE PWD $pwd ; 删除
ADD PWD root:123; 添加 明文
ADD ENPWD $pwd 添加 密文
(6) 持久化配置
SAVE CONFIG
2.分布式数据库架构-MyCAT应用
image.png
2.1 环境准备:
两台虚拟机 db01 db02
每台创建四个mysql实例:3307 3308 3309 3310
2.2 2 删除历史环境:
pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
2.3 创建相关目录初始化数据
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
2.4 准备配置文件和启动脚本
========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
2.5 修改权限，启动多实例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
2.6 节点主从规划
箭头指向谁是主库
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
2.7 分片规划
shard1：
Master：10.0.0.51:3307
slave1：10.0.0.51:3309
Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307
slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：
Master：10.0.0.52:3308
slave1：10.0.0.52:3310
Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308
slave2：10.0.0.51:3310
2.8 开始配置
shard1
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
shard2
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
db02
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
2.9 检测主从状态
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
2.10 如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令(2.9 状态正确,忽略此步骤)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
3. Mycat的安装
3.1 安装java环境
yum install -y java
3.2 上传到/application 并解压
略
3.3 软件介绍
conf:
schema.xml 主配置文件
rule.xml 分片策略定义文件
server.xml mycat服务有关的配置
xxxx.txt 分片参数功能有关
3.4 启动mycat
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
[root@db02 ~]# mycat start
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
4. 测试数据准备
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql
5. 核心配置文件使用介绍(schema.xml)
5.1 逻辑库定义
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
5.2 数据节点定义
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="old1" database= "world" />
5.3 数据主机定义
<dataHost name="old1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
6. Mycat实现读写分离功能
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
重启生效:
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart
测试:
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id;
mysql> begin; select @@server_id;commit;
7. 读写分离+高可用功能
[root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="old1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="old1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
真正的 writehost：负责写操作的writehost
standby writeHost ：和readhost一样，只提供读服务
当写节点宕机后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服务，这时候standby的>writehost就提供写服务，
后面跟的readhost提供读服务
测试：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
show variables like 'server_id';
读写分离测试
mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
show variables like 'server_id';
begin;
show variables like 'server_id';
对db01 3307节点进行关闭和启动,测试读写操作
8. 配置中的属性介绍:(了解一下)
balance属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种：
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
writeType属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种：
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用
switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换
1 默认值，自动切换
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status
datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
10. 垂直分表
mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="old1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="old2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
创建测试库和表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
11. MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）
分片：对一个"bigtable"，比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，800w
(2)访问非常频繁
分片的目的：
（1）将大数据量进行分布存储
（2）提供均衡的访问路由
分片策略：
范围 range 800w 1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod 取余数
枚举
哈希 hash
时间 流水
优化关联查询
全局表
ER分片
12 .范围分片
比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
(2)访问非常频繁，用户访问较离散
cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
vim schema.xml
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
===================================
vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
11-20=1
创建测试表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
测试：
重启mycat
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
13. 取模分片（mod-long）
取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
vim rule.xml
<property name="count">2</property>
准备测试环境
创建测试表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
测试：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4;"
14. 枚举分片
t5 表
id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555
sharding-by-intfile
vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule> <columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
</function>
partition-hash-int.txt 配置：
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
columns 标识将要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函数， 其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称
准备测试环境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
mysql -S /data/
15 . Mycat全局表
a b c d
join
t
select t1.name ,t.x from t1
join t
select t2.name ,t.x from t2
join t
select t3.name ,t.x from t3
join t
使用场景：
如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大，
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join，
避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。
vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
后端数据准备
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
测试：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;"
16. E-R分片
A join B
为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
join C
on A.id=C.id
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long">
<childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" />
</table>
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