Opencv学习笔记（四）实战项目：信用卡号识别

0、导入模块

导入相关函数，遇到报错的话，直接pip install 函数名。

from imutils import contours
import numpy as np
import argparse
import cv2
import myutils

myutils函数代码

import cv2

def sort_contours(cnts, method="left-to-right"):
    reverse = False
    i = 0

    if method == "right-to-left" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        reverse = True

    if method == "top-to-bottom" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        i = 1
    boundingBoxes = [cv2.boundingRect(c) for c in cnts] #用一个最小的矩形，把找到的形状包起来x,y,h,w
    (cnts, boundingBoxes) = zip(*sorted(zip(cnts, boundingBoxes),
                                        key=lambda b: b[1][i], reverse=reverse))

    return cnts, boundingBoxes
def resize(image, width=None, height=None, inter=cv2.INTER_AREA):
    dim = None
    (h, w) = image.shape[:2]
    if width is None and height is None:
        return image
    if width is None:
        r = height / float(h)
        dim = (int(w * r), height)
    else:
        r = width / float(w)
        dim = (width, int(h * r))
    resized = cv2.resize(image, dim, interpolation=inter)
    return resized

参数初始化

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", required=True,
   help="path to input image")
ap.add_argument("-t", "--template", required=True,
   help="path to template OCR-A image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

后面代码运行前，先设置好参数(Edit Configurations)
Parameters:

--image images\credit_card_01.png --template images\ocr_a_reference.png

1、制作模板

读取模板图片，进行灰度、二值化，提取轮廓，一个轮廓对应一个模板

img = cv2.imread(args["template"])
ref = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#灰度化
ref = cv2.threshold(ref, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)[1]#大于10的像素点设为0，其余设为255
#只检测外轮廓，只保留终点坐标，refCnts是一个list，保存轮廓信息
refCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(ref.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cv2.drawContours(img,refCnts,-1,(0,0,255),3) #把轮廓画出
refCnts = myutils.sort_contours(refCnts, method="left-to-right")[0] #排序，从左到右，从上到下

# 遍历每一个轮廓
digits = {}
for (i, c) in enumerate(refCnts):
   # 计算外接矩形并且resize成合适大小
   (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
   roi = ref[y:y + h, x:x + w]
   roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88)
   digits[i] = roi# 每一个数字对应每一个模板

2、目标图片预处理

读取目标图片、灰度化、礼帽操作、Sobel算子提取轮廓、闭操作、自动阈值、再次闭操作

# 初始化卷积核
rectKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (9, 3))
sqKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
image = myutils.resize(image, width=300)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
#礼帽操作，突出更明亮的区域
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(gray, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, rectKernel) 

#Sobel算子提取轮廓
gradX = cv2.Sobel(tophat, ddepth=cv2.CV_32F, dx=1, dy=0, #ksize=-1相当于用3*3的
   ksize=-1)
gradX = np.absolute(gradX)
(minVal, maxVal) = (np.min(gradX), np.max(gradX))
gradX = (255 * ((gradX - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal)))
gradX = gradX.astype("uint8")

#通过闭操作（先膨胀，再腐蚀）将数字连在一起
gradX = cv2.morphologyEx(gradX, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, rectKernel) 
#THRESH_OTSU会自动寻找合适的阈值，适合双峰，需把阈值参数设置为0
thresh = cv2.threshold(gradX, 0, 255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1] 
thresh = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, sqKernel) #再来一个闭操作

3、筛查侯选目标轮廓

遍历所有轮廓，进行筛查

# 计算轮廓
threshCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
   cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = threshCnts

# 遍历轮廓
locs = []
for (i, c) in enumerate(cnts):
  
   # 计算矩形
   (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
   ar = w / float(h)
   
   # 选择合适的区域，根据实际任务来，这里的基本都是四个数字一组
   if ar > 2.5 and ar < 4.0:
      if (w > 40 and w < 55) and (h > 10 and h < 20):
         #符合的留下来
         locs.append((x, y, w, h))

locs = sorted(locs, key=lambda x:x[0])# 将符合的轮廓从左到右排序

4、识别目标轮廓

依次对每一个目标轮廓进行识别，首先遍历每一个轮廓中的数字，与模板进行匹配并计算的得分，得分高的模板为识别结果。

# 遍历每一个轮廓中的数字
output = []
for (i, (gX, gY, gW, gH)) in enumerate(locs):
   # initialize the list of group digits
   groupOutput = []
   # 根据坐标提取每一个组
   group = gray[gY - 5:gY + gH + 5, gX - 5:gX + gW + 5]
   # 预处理
   group = cv2.threshold(group, 0, 255,
      cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
  
   # 计算每一组的轮廓
   digitCnts,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(group.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
      cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
   digitCnts = contours.sort_contours(digitCnts,
      method="left-to-right")[0]

   # 计算每一组中的每一个数值
   for c in digitCnts:
      # 找到当前数值的轮廓，resize成合适的的大小
      (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
      roi = group[y:y + h, x:x + w]
      roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))

      # 计算匹配得分
      scores = []

      # 在模板中计算每一个得分
      for (digit, digitROI) in digits.items():
         # 模板匹配
         result = cv2.matchTemplate(roi, digitROI,
            cv2.TM_CCOEFF)
         (_, score, _, _) = cv2.minMaxLoc(result)
         scores.append(score)

      # 得到最合适的数字
      groupOutput.append(str(np.argmax(scores)))
     
      #绘图
      cv2.rectangle(image, (gX - 5, gY - 5),(gX + gW + 5, gY + gH + 5), (0, 0, 255), 1)
      cv2.putText(image, "".join(groupOutput), (gX, gY - 15),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.65, (0, 0, 255), 2)
   
      output.extend(groupOutput)# 得到结果