MySQL子查询

1 子查询[重点，难点]

1.1 基本格式

select fieldName
from tbName
where (子查询结果);

1.2 子查询结果作为条件判断约束

-- 查询工资高于Jack的员工id和姓名
-- 1. 找出Jack的工资
-- 2. 得到Jack工资，作为条件查询对应的员工信息
select salary
from t_employees
where first_name = 'Jack';

select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
where salary > 8400;

-- 整合为子查询
-- 条件判断
select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
where salary > (select salary
                from t_employees
                where first_name = 'Jack');

1.3 子查询结果作为枚举限制 in

-- 查询和Jack同部门的员工信息
-- 1. 找出Jack的部门编号
select department_id
from t_employees
where first_name = 'Jack';

-- 2. 根据Jack的部门编号，使用in枚举查询，限制条件
select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
where department_id in (80);

-- 整合为子查询
select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
where department_id in (select department_id
                        from t_employees
                        where first_name = 'Jack');

1.4 子查询结果作为一张表，从表内查询指定数据

-- 查询员工表中工资前五名的员工信息
-- 1. 找到员工的id，first_name，工资降序
select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
order by salary desc;

select employee_id, first_name
from (select employee_id, first_name
      from t_employees
      order by salary desc) as temp
limit 5;

1.5 合并查询[仅了解]

union

-- 合并，要求查询要求的字段个数一致
-- 去重
select employee_id, first_name
from t_employees
union
select job_id, job_title
from t_jobs;

-- 合并，要求查询要求的字段个数一致
-- 不去重
select department_id, first_name
from t_employees
union all
select manager_id, department_name
from t_departments;