本文详细介绍了英语句子的八大成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语和同位语，包括各自的定义、功能和构成。同时讲解了五个基本句型，并探讨了名词、动词、形容词、代词等词类在句子中的作用。此外，还涉及了一般现在时态的用法。
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语、同位语.
主语:这句话表示的主体对象是主语。
能够充当主语的词语有：名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，句子，其他。
说明：能做主语的只有上边7个内容,其他一律不可作主语，比如谓语动词,形容词，介词,副词等。
名词：世间万物的名词。
代词：人称代词/指示代词(为了避免重复而替代名词的词语)
人称代词：主格(作主语)和宾格（做宾语）。
指示代词：This 这是 That 那是。
数词：基数词（1 2 3 4…）序数词（第一 第二 第三 第四）
动词不定式短语和动词不定式：后边补充
动名词:补充
句子：补充
其他： the old 老人 the rich 富人 …
问题：什么是主语?
什么词语可以做主语？
谓语：说明主语动作或者状态的词语。
动词：表示动作或心理活的词语（吃，喝 ，玩，思考，喜欢…）
**说明：**说明主语做什么或者主语是什么状态，主语是怎样的词语。
一般来说，动作型的谓语就是动词构成的；状态型谓语由系表结构构成；
谓语只跟主语有关系，跟其他成分没关系。
动作型谓语：说明主语做什么 （我每天吃一个苹果 动作 吃 谓语）
1.简单谓语：
实义动词：表示“有实际意义的”动词，用来区别系动词，助动词，情态动词(补)。
及物动词：后边必须加动作的承受者，也就是宾语，没有宾语失去意义
不及物动词：
动词短语（复合动词）：由动词和一个或多个单词构成的词组，表示一个动作。
2.复合谓语
**含义：**由简单谓语加上其他词语，共同作谓语的情况。
**情态动词+实义动词/动词短语的原型：**比如Can+Spark/Can+Lookafter.
**助动词+实义动词/动词短语的原型：**比如 I will buy a new book tomorrow.
助动词+其他的动词形式(be+doing/Have+done/has+done)：I am working.
状态型谓语：说明主语的情况 （她很漂亮 状态 很漂亮 谓语）系动词+表语。
系动词：主要由be充当，也有其他系动词，一般都是be;有八种形式.
**be am is are was were being been,**意思都相同一般表示”是”，
一般不用翻译出来，主语为I使用am,主语为复数或者you使用are,单数用is。
表语：属于谓语范畴，但不能说表语就是谓语。
说明：系动词和表语不能分开；没有表语就没有系动词；说明主语情况或者状态；
系动词后边就是表语（不精确，先理解）。
能够充当表语的词语有：名词，形容词，介词短语，名词所有格，
动词不定时，动名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，句子。
宾语：动作的对象或者承受者。
说明：实义动词中及物动词后边的动作承受者即为宾语。
I believe you.人称代词做宾语
I buy a book every year. 名词做宾语
(有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语，一个叫直接宾语①，
一个叫间接宾语②，一般分别表示人②，物①
I give her a book. 也可以交换位置，如果间接宾语放后边要在前边加to
I give a book to her. She lent me her bike. She lent her bike to me.)
能带两个宾语的及物动词称为双宾动词(一个为人一个为物)。
能做主语的词语都可以做宾语（不能做主语的词语同样不能做宾语）：
区别是人称代词做宾语，必须用宾格，而不能用主格。
人称代词宾语：me,you,her,him,it ,them(她/他/它们)
自然句子能做主语所以同样也能做宾语，但是名称不一样，句子做主语叫主语从句，
句子做宾语，叫做宾语从句。
宾语补足语：
说明：由于有时候可能有些特殊的及物动词+宾语，仍然无法使句子完整，不能正确表达句意，
所以需要加其他词语来进一步完整和解释。
比如：I make you.--------->I make you happy.(我使你快乐) happy为宾语补足语。
我让你快乐，但快乐与我本身无关，所以宾补与主语没有关系。
能够充当宾补的词语有：形容词、名词、数词、动词不定时，动名词、副词、分词、介词短语、句子。
I will make you busy .形容词
I call her Mary.名词
you can tell me Nick.
注意：不要混淆双宾和宾补。
宾补要求名词做补语时，跟宾语是同位语即宾语和宾补表示同一个人或同一事物。I call her Mary.
双宾要求(一个为人一个为物) I gave her a book.
状语:重要句子成分，说明谓语的情况，只跟谓语有关系（不精确）。
说明：一般放在句子后面，中文状语放中间。（我今天很开心。 我在公司学英语）。
分类：时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，原因状语，目的状语等等。
状语一般由副词(补)和介词短语(补)充当。
I study English in the company. 主+谓+宾+状（在公司学习）
I study English now.时间副词做状语
I study English here. 地点副词做状语
I speak English slowly. 方式副词做状语
**注意：**英语一句话中可以同时出现多个状语。
I study English in the Company every day.
定语:修饰或限定名词、不定代词的词语。
说明：定于只跟名词有关系，跟其他句子成分没关系，哪里有名词哪里就有定语（特殊情况除外）。
定语使更具体比如：My teacher. read Apple.
只有普通名词才能带定语，一般专有名词不能带定语,特殊除外比如 Poor+具体人名。
中文定语放前边：我的笔记；好看的姑娘…对名词做修饰,中文没有后置定语概念。
一个普通名词可以有多个定语。
前置定语：放在名词前边的定语，叫前置定语。
形容词性物主代词(my,your,his…)，形容词(rich,red,good…)，名词所有格(`s,Nick’s,Sam’s…)，
数词(One Two…只修饰可数名词)，名词(English book,room number，一般不使用),
量词(A cup of)，指示代词(This,that)等可做前置定语。
后置定语：放在后边的定语，叫后置定语(后边补充)。
介词短语，名词所有格(of+名词),动名词短语,动词不定式短语,句子构成。
同位语：两个不同的词语都表示同一个事务或人，同位语起到强调补充说明的作用。
My father, the fat man is drinking.
Nick,My teacher,is very stric
**五个基本句型：**所有句子都是基于它们形成的
造句子，首先要选择正确的句型再考虑时态，词语等。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 (表示动作)
2.主语+be(系动词)+表语+状语 (表示状态)
3.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 (表示动作)
4.主语+谓语(及物动词里边的双宾动词)+双宾语+状语 (表示动作)
5.主语+谓语(少数特定的及物动词)+宾语+宾补+状语 (表示动作)
规律：表示动作的谓语组成都是动作型谓语(1、3、4、5),表示状态的谓语组成是状态型谓语(2)
总结为两种：主语+状态谓语(系动词+表语)+状语 -->表状态
主系表句子永远不可能出现实义动词
主语+动作谓语(实义动词)+宾语+状语 -->表动作
主谓宾句子永远不可能出现系动词
两者不可混搭，主系表不包含宾语，区别就在谓语及有无宾语。
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一.名词：世间万物的名词
说明：实际上，名词可以分很多种，实际上，名词可以分的更细，但是没必要把语法变的更复杂。
普通名词：除了专有名词外的其他名词。
可数名词：那些肉眼能分清数量的名词(概念无法特别清晰)。
同时可数名词包含单数格式和复数格式两种情况：
复数格式都是由单数变化而成的，分为有规则和无规则变化两种，规则变化多。
规则：大部分可数名词变复数，在词尾+s；
当可数名词是以字母s,sh,x,ch结尾的单词变复数要+es;
也有少部分例外单词：stomach-stomachs 胃 直接加s;
元音字母：A E I O U 五个；
辅音字母：除去元音字母的其余21个字母；
当可数名词是由”辅音字母+y“结尾时，变复数时候需要变y为i加es;
当可数名词是由”元音字母+y“结尾时，变复数时候直接加s;
当可数名词是以字母f或者fe结尾的单词，去f或fe变v+es;
**例外：**roof-roofs 房顶 gulf-gulfs 海湾 cliff-cliffs 悬崖；
辅音字母+o结尾的可数名词变复数也是+es,黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆;
元音字母+o的可数名词或者以o结尾的外来词，简写词都是直接+s;
不规则变化： 需要多造句，多见，多练;Man-Men 男人 ox-oxen牛等；
部分可数名词转复数，不发生变化Chinese Japanese；
有些可数名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式称为复数名词People,policeman；
不可数名词：与可数名词相反的名词(不要用一撮头发，一盆水这种中文思维概念来区分)。
没有复数的格式，只有单数的格式，把不可数名词变复数是错误的;
我们可以加一些量词来表示可数名词：一瓶水，几杯水。名词本身不会变复数，量词得变；
A glass of water;一杯水 two glasses of water；两杯水
量词组成:主要用来作定语修饰不可数名词或者修饰可数名词的复数
说明：不是所有的可数名词，都能构成量词。只有那类似容器有空间，
或者符合逻辑的可数名词才能构成量词,且不是每个量词都能修饰每一个名词。
1.A/an/One+可数名词单数+of
a cup of 一杯 a bucket of 一桶
2.数词+可数名词复数+of
two bottles of 两瓶 three tins of 三罐
说明：可数名词与不可数名词，跟中文不一样。比如中文天空是不可数名词，但是
英文sky是可数的，复数形式是skies。记忆在中文是不可数的，英文memory的复数
形式是：memories。同样眼泪也是可数的tears。
建议：造句时，注意这些特殊情况，不确定的时候查找单词确认。
专有名词：首字母要大写比如：人名，地名，专门机构等。
名词的作用：
单数(可数名词单数不能单独用)名词复数名词都可以作主语：
The book is new. 这本书是新的；
My books are good.我的书很好；
做表语：
He is my friend.
This is a mobile phome.
注意：不要使用抽象的名词作表语。
做宾语：
I like pears. 我喜欢梨子
I bought a testbook lase week.
做宾补：
I call him Uncle Tom.
My sister calls the cat Kitty.
做定语：一般情况下不做定语，可理解为一个复合名词；
English book 英语书
School gate 学校大门
一个复合名词,可数不可数取决于后边的名词;
复合名词如果前边为可数名词，不能发生变化，不能变复数(用原型)。
名词作介词宾语：后边补充
介词宾语：名词可以放在介词的后面，构成介词短语。
名词作同位语: 后边补充
名词所有格：表示所属关系的一种格式（一般作前置定语）。
比如：小明的书包。妈妈的手。
两种构成方式：
1.有生命的名词(一般指人和动物)+'s：Mother’s hand；
Nick**'s**尼克的
My friends**'s** 我朋友的(可数名词单数不能单独使用)
不能随意在名词所有格中加冠词比如：Nick’s three books;
如果名称是‘s’结尾的复数或名词本身是‘s’结尾的，直接加‘’就可以了，当然也可以加s。
My boss**'s**==my boss
也可做表语：The pen is Mark’s. The house is my Father’s.
也有特殊的的比如Today’s newspapaer，遇到当特殊对待；
2.无生命的名词用“of+无生命的名词”；
说明：作定语时，放在修饰名词的后面，也就是后置定语。
被这种所有格修饰的名词不论是可数不可数，单数复数，都必须加冠词。
The price of the house;
The price of oil;
The price of houses;
这个城市的中心：the center of the city;
of my house 我房子的 (可数名词单数不能单独使用，所以加了限定词或者冠词)
of houses 房子的(可数名词复数)
of water 水的（不可数名词）==================================================================
代词:为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词语。
九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。
人称代词：（有两种格式主格和宾格）大多数代替表示人的名词或词语，比如：你 我 它 他 她 我们 你们 他们 她们 它们(they them),it, they them 也可以代替物。
| 主格 | I | You | She | He | It | We | They |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宾格 | Me | You | Her | Him | it | Us | them |
用法:主格做主语，宾格做宾语,都可以作表语。
句子：She is very happy. They are so excited.
I like her. He teaches us English.
主语为复数时顺序单数为你，他（她 它），我 复数为：我们 你们 他们
物主代词：表示所有关系的代词。
形容词性物主代词：作用就是作定语，修饰名词，但是在作前置定语时不能家数词和冠词。
| my | your | her | his | its | our | their |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 我的 | 你/你们的 | 她的 | 他的 | 它的 | 我们的 | 它/她/他们的 |
名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词，可以作主语，表语，宾语，只能在前边提到或者避免重复时才用,不能作定语。
| mine | yours | hers | his | its | ours | theirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 我的 | 你/你们的 | 他的 | 她的 | 它的 | 我们的 | 它/她/他们的 |
指示代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语。
| This 这个 | These 这些 |
|---|---|
| That那个 | Those哪些 |
| 单数 | 复数 |
作定语：This和that作前置定语，专门修饰或限定单数的可数名词，不能修饰复数，不过可以修饰不可数名词。
These和those也可以作前置定语，修饰或限定可数名词复数，只能修饰可数名词复数，不能修饰单数，也不能修饰不可数名词。
作主语：That和this作主语的时候时单数概念，如果是主系表结构，be动词用is或者过去式was。
These和Those作主语的时候时复数概念，如果是主系表结构，be动词用are或者过去式were。
作宾语：使用少。
I want this.
I like that.
I will buy these/those.
作表语：指示代词作表语，使用情况更少：it is this.
=形容词==============
形容词：简称adj,主要用来修饰名词或者代词，表示人或者事务的性质，状态，和特征的程度好坏与否。
1.普通形容词：一个单词就可以形容表达。
2.复合形容词：由两个或两个以上的单词(不一定是形容词)构成一个新的单词，这个新词也属于形容词，之间用-连接。
| sky-blue | good-looking | man-made | second-hand | warm-hearted | hard-working |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天蓝色的 | 好看的 | 人造的 | 二手的 | 热心的 | 努力的 |
用法：一般只可以做定语，表语或宾补。
1.做表语：
大部分的形容词都可以做表语：主+be(系动词)+adj(表)
| I am happy/busy. | 我很快乐/忙 |
|---|---|
| You are rich. | 你是有钱的 |
| She is lovely. | 她是可爱的 |
2**.做前置定语**：大部分形容词都可以做前置定语，修饰普通名词，放在普通名词的前边。
形容词直接做定语造句只能构成一个短语，造句必须考虑普通名词的问题。
形容词做定语之前，句子也应该是个完整句子。
The big house; My small house; A cheap computer;
说明：当出现几个形容词同时修饰名词作前置定语的时候，要考虑这几个形容词的位置。这些形容词 的排序跟中文不一样。
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a beautiful,tall,young girl 一个年轻漂亮，身材高挑的女孩子
my nice small brown leather bag 我漂亮的棕色小皮包
3.作宾语补足语：但是只有部分特定的及物动词才能跟形容词作宾补。
比如：make keep prove等。
形容词的比较级和最高级：
变化规则：目前查询单词表，直接拿来用。
用法：与原型一样，可以作前置定语与表语，甚至宾补。
I have a better way.我有一个更好的办法。
She is my best friend.她是我最好的朋友。
Eating apples makes us healthier. 吃苹果让我们更健康(形容词比较级作宾补)。
五种做句子模板规则：
A超过B：A+be+形容词的比较级+than+b I am taller than him.
A同样B：A+be+as+形容词的原型+as+b I am as tall as him.
A最… : A+be+the+形容词的最高级+表示范围的词语 My car is the most expensive in China.
A没有B… : A+be+not+形容词的比较级+than+b My book is not cheaper than her pen.
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动词：表示动作或者心理行为的词语。
中文动词与英文动词不一样。
谓语动词：作谓语
实义动词：有实际意义的动词。
形式：有五种形式，原型，过去式，过去分词，现在分词，第三人称单数格式
一般来说，过去式，过去分词，现在分词和第三人称单数格式都是通过原型变化而成的。
因为英语有时态变化，不同时态，使用不同的动词形式。
不及物动词：后边不需要加宾语。
及物动词：后边加宾语。
部分实义动词既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词，可以通过意思去区分。
I run every day. 我每天跑步
I run a website.我经营了一家网站
系动词：连系动词，作用只有一个与表语构成系表结构。
第一种是be动词。
原型be:一般用于将来时态用于助动词和情态动词后面，或者用在动词不定式里面。
第一人称I后加am：一般现在时态。
第三人称单数用is:一般现在时态。
You 和复数后面的are。
单数的过去式格式was。
复数的过去式格式是were。
过去分词格式是been。
现在分词格式是bening.
第二种是特殊系动词。
You(主)+ look(系)+ beautiful(形容词做表语).
1.这些系动词，是从实义动词里边借来的。
2.借过来后意思发生变化。
3.借过来的系动词，必须跟形容词做表语。
助动词：帮助实义动词或系动词构成复合谓语，或者疑问句，否定句，
以及构成各种时态，语态，和语气。
常用助动词：be(包括其他形式) do(did does) have(has have) will would shall should.
是从系动词和实义动词中借过来的充当助动词没有实际意义。
特点：没有意思；不能单独使用，必须帮助构成其他各种结构。
没有专门的助动词，借过来的。
情态动词：跟动词原型（包括动词短语原型，系动词be）构成复合谓语，
本身有意义，但不完整，有专门的情态动词。
特点：必须跟动词原型构成复合谓语。
情态动词是有意义的，虽然意思不完整。
有专门的情态动词，不需要借用其他动词。
情态动词一般不能跟助动词连用。
I should help you.
I must be happy day.
I should be a good teacher.
=======================================================================================
冠词：是虚词，没有词义，没有数和格的变化。
说明：不能单独使用，只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。
冠词不是定语。
定冠词：the（凡是特指的名词，都加定冠词the）
用法：1.在普通名词单数前表达一类人或者事务。
The ear is an rgan for listening. 耳朵是听的器官
另外还可以用名词的复数表达：
Dogs are cute animas.等同与A dog is a cute animl等同the dog is a cute animal.
2.在重新提及的人或事务前，含有“这，这些”的意思，可以修饰可数名词单数，
复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。
I bought a book yesterday.The book is interesting.
我昨天买了一本书，这本书很有趣。
I know a friend. The friend is a doctor.
我认识一个朋友，这个朋友是一个医生。
I drank tea just now. The tea is veay good.
我刚才喝茶了，这茶很不错。
3.在谈话双方都知道的人或物前面，同样可以修饰可数名词单数，复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。
pass me the book,please! 请把这本书递给我
pass me the books, please! 请把这些书递给我
pass **the** salt to me,please!请把这盐递给我
4.在有限定性后置定语修饰的名词前。
the people in the park. 在公园里边的人
the girl in red. 穿红色衣服的女孩
the price of the house.房子的价格
上面的名词都是带介词短语作限定性后置定语，所以名词前要加the.
5.在序数词前面，如：
the first the second the third
6.在表示世界独一无二的事务名词前：
the earth the sun the world
7.在表示时间或其他情况的习惯用语前：
in the end 最后 in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上
the same 同样 the sleep on the same bed
8.形容词或副词的最高级前：
the most important 最重要 the best 最好的
9.在某些形容词前，变成名词：
the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人
10.在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或者夫妇：
the Smiths 史密斯一家 the Chens 陈家
the Greens 格林一家人 the Whites 怀特一家
11.在西洋乐器的名称前：
th人piano 钢琴 the guitar 吉他 the violin 小提琴 play 演奏
12.在某些专有名词前：
the great wall 长城 the summer palace 颐和园 the united States 美国
不定冠词：
a:名词发音以辅音开头使用a
an:名词发音以元音开头使用an
用法：首次提到某物或某人，并非特指。不能跟不可数名词，也不能跟可数名词复数。
作时间状语：I teach English a day.=>I teach English every day. 我每天教英语
I eat an apple a day.=>I eat an apple every day. 我每天吃一个苹果
不使用冠词场合：
1.专有名词：人名，地名，国名，节日，月份，星期几，季节前面。
人名：Mark,Kate,Nick
地名：Shangxi,Guangdong,Asia
国名：China,Germany,America
节日：National Day, Spring Festival
月份：January,February…
星期：Monday，Tuesday,Wednesday（有特例）
季节：Spring,Summer,Autumn（有特例）
2.可数名词复数或者不可数名词表示泛指意义而不是特指意义的时候。
They are teachers,not students. 他们是老师不是学生
Theachers are great. 老师是伟大的
The theachers are great. 这些老师是伟大的
Water is important. 水是重要的
The water is important. 这些水是重要的
3.称呼语
Good morning,guys！ 大家，早上好！
Where is uncle Tom! 汤姆叔叔在哪里
4.表示职业，身份，头衔
Dr.姓
5.物质名词或抽象名词
Health is happiness. 健康就是幸福
6.表示学科，疾病，球类，游戏，颜色，感官名词
7.表示泛指的餐名
Dinner is ready. 饭已经准备好了
Did you have breakfast? 你吃早餐了吗？
What did you have for supper? 你们晚餐吃什么？
That was a very hearty supper.那是一顿非常丰盛的晚餐.
8.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词
9.如果一个名词前面已经有形容词性物主代词，名词所有格('s),指示代词，疑问句以及
some,little,both,each,either,few,a few, a little, any,no,another,every,much,many等不定
代词作定语的时候不可以用冠词。
Nick‘s a book 错 a book of Nick’s Nick的一本书
==================================================================================
一般现在时态：
英文必须考虑时态问题。
时态的定义：作谓语的动词用来表示动作或者状态发生时的时间。
谓语动词随着时间的变化而发生不同形态变化。
I bought a book yeasterday.
I will buy a book tomorrow.
I buy a book every day.
共有16种时态，常用有10种时态：
一般现在时态：
说明：使用一般现在时态的规则造句，表示经常性，习惯性，有规律性的动作和状态，
表示真理性，客观性的动作和状态时使用。
主+be+表：
人称代词主格+be动词(am+is+are)+形容词
I am capable.
You are capable.
She is capable.
…
人称代词主格+be动词(am+is+are)+名词
I am a student.
she is a teacher.
You are a farmer.
名词(人名地名 ，可数名词单数，可数名词复数,不可数名词)+be动词(is+are)+形容词
Guangxi is famous.
Beijing is big.
Guangzhou and Beijing are big.
The boy is happy.
The hat is green.
My students are busy.
Water is important.
名词+be动词(is+are)+名词：
多数情况下，主语是表示人的名词，表语也是表示人的名词。
Nick is a teacher.
Nick and Jack are teachers.
My father is a farmer.
主+谓+宾：
主语(人称代词非单三)+不及物动词+状语
I run every day. You cry every day.
They walk every day. We run every day.
名词复数+不及物动词+状语
They fathers work every day.
My classmates study every day.
主语(人称代词非单三)+及物动词+宾语+状语
I bake potatoes every day.
I bake a banana every day.
I believe him here.
名词复数+及物动词+宾语+[状语]
My friends believe me.
The nurses believe the doctor.
主（第三人称单数）+谓+宾2：
第三人称单数指的的第三方的人或者物，并且一定是一个单数，定语不能决定人称。
第三人称单数：人称代词主格she he it，所有名词的单数，一个人名和地名，
不可数名词，指示代词this，that,动词不定式和动名词短语，主语从句。
人称代词主格(单三)+不及物动词(单三格式)+状语：
She bathes every day.
He works ervery day.
It sleeps every day.
名词(单三)+不及物动词(单三格式)++状语：
My friend runs erery day.
My girlfriend works every day.
His penpal swims every day.
一般现在时态的时间状语：
every day
ervery week
on Sunday
in the morning
…
1.单三+不及物动词+状语
She bathes everyday.
Does she bathe every day?
she doesn't bathe every day.
He runs everyday.
Does he run every day?
He doesn't run every day.
It jumps every day.
Does it jump every day?
It doesn't jump every day.
2.名词单数+不及物动词+状语
His father works on Monday.
Does his father work on Monday?
His father doesn't work on Monday.
Our sister dances every day.
Does your sister dance every day?
Our sister doesn't dance every day.
The mailman smiles every day.
Does the mailman smile every day?
The mailman doesn't smile every day.
3.单三人称代词+及物动词+宾语+状语
He bakes bread every day.
Does he bake bread everyday?
He doesn't bake bread every day.
She buys apples every day.
Does she buy apples every day?
She doesn't buy apples every day.
It eats beef every day.
Does it eat beef every day?
It doesn't eat beef every day.
4.名词单数+及物动词+宾语+状语
His father bakes bread everyday.
Does his father bake bread everyday?
His father doesn't bake bread everyday.
Sam eats food everyday.
Does sam eat food everyday.
Sam doesn't eat food everyday.
My girlfriend earns money everyday.
Does your girlfriend earn money everyday?
My girlfriend doesn't earn money everyday.
一般过去时态：
说明：表示过去发生的动作和状态(含有过去的动作和状态现在已经不再存在)的意义。
主+be(was,were)+表语:单数was,复数were
##人称代词主格+was/were+形容词
I was happy yesterday.
I was not happy yesterday.
Were you happy yesterday?
You were angry yesterday.
You were not angry yesterday.
Were you angry yesterday?
He was busy yesterday.
He was not busy yesterday.
She was tail before.
We were glad yesterday.
They were free yesterday.
It was hot yesterday.
##名词+was/were+形容词
Nick was thin before.
BeiJing was clean before.
Nick and Jack were handsome before.
He father was busy yesterday.
My friend was rich before.
##人称代词主格+was/were+名词
He was a student before.
I was a teacher before.
She was a doctor before.
They were guides before.
It was Nick's dog before.
##名词+was/were+名词
Nick was a teacher before.
My sister was a doctor before.
Her classmate was a boss before.
My classmates were workers before.
These women were nurses before.
时间状语：
yesterday just now
the day before yesterday before
构成：One/a/an+表示时间名词的单数+ago
an hour ago 一个小时前
a year ago 一年前
one year ago 一年前
数词+表示时间名词的复数+ago
ten years ago 十年前
three days ago 三天前
**由介词in构成：**in 年份 in 2022
**last+时间：**last week
this/That+表时间
** 主+谓+宾：**
人称代词主语+不及物动词过去式+过去的时间状语
I bathede last night.
You worked yesterday.
She worked in 1998.
名词+不及物动词过去式+过去的时间状语
Her father died 10 years ago.
人称代词主语+及物动词过去式+宾语+过去的时间状语
名词+及物动词过去式+宾语+过去的时间状语
##人称代词主格+was/were+形容词
she was angry yeasterday.
she was not angry yeasterday.
Was she angry yesterday?
he was strong ten years ago.
he was not angry yeasterday.
Was he angry yesterday?
we were small in 1999.
we weren't small in 1999.
Were your small in 1999?
I was short before.
I wasn't short before.
Were your short before?
##名词+was/were+形容词
My teacher was young ten years ago.
My teacher wasn't young ten years ago.
Was your teacher young ten years ago?
His father was strong a year ago.
His father wasn't strong a year ago.
Was his father strong a year ago?
her mother was heavy before.
her mother wasn’t heavy before.
Was her mother heavy before?
Those friends were capable ten years ago.
Those friends weren't capable ten years ago.
Were your friends capable ten years ago?
##人称代词主格+was/were+名词
she was a doctor seven years ago.
she was'n a doctor seven years ago.
Was she a doctor seven years ago?
He was a teacher six years ago.
He wasn't a teacher six years ago.
Was he a teacher six years ago?
we were students in 2003.
we weren't students in 2003.
Were you students in 2003?
I was short before.
I wasn't short before.
Were your short before?
##名词+was/were+名词
Nick's friend was a boss before.
Nick's friend wasn’t a boss before.
Was nick's friend a boss before?
The place was a school ten years ago.
The place wasn't a school ten years ago.
Was the place a school ten years ago?
This teacher was a singer ten years ago.
This teacher wasn't a singer ten years ago.
Was this teacher a singer ten years ago?
Those apartments were a playground two years ago.
Those apartments weren't a playground two years ago.
Were those apartments a playground two years ago?
主+谓+宾：
人称代词主语+不及物动词过去式+过去的时间状语
I bathed yesterday.
Did you bathe yeasterday?
I didn't bathe yesterday.
She cried two days ago.
Did she cry two days ago?
She didn't cry two days ago.
He swam ten years ago.
Did he swim ten years ago?
He didn't swim ten years ago.
You danced before.
Did you dance before?
You didn't dance before.
名词+不及物动词过去式+过去的时间状语
The dog drank water yesterday.
The dog didn't drank water yesterday.
Did the dog drank water yesterday？
My student drove a car a day ago.
My student didn't drive a car a day ago.
Did your student drive a car a day ago?
His father earned money ten years ago.
His father didn't earn money ten years ago.
Did his father earn money ten years ago?
人称代词主语+及物动词过去式+宾语+过去的时间状语
She believed me ten years ago.
She didn't believe me ten years ago.
Did she believe me ten years ago?
I borrowed these books yeasterday.
I didn't borrow these books yeasterday.
Did you borrow these books yeasterday?
He learned english before.
He didn't learn english before.
Did he learn english before?
名词+及物动词过去式+宾语+过去的时间状语
His sister believed me ten years ago.
His sister didn't believe me ten years ago.
Did his sister believe me ten years ago?
Nick borrowed these books yeasterday.
Nick didn't borrow these books yeasterday.
Did nick borrow these books yeasterday?
Those people learned english before.
Those people didn't learn english before.
Did those people learn english before?
一般将来时态:
说明：表示即将要发生的动作和状态的句子，说明还没有发生，在将来发生。
构成方式：
①will:
主+will be+表语：be原型前加will ==> 主+will be +表语+表示将来的时间状语
变一般疑问句：will移到句首，be位置保持不变就可以。
人称代词主格+will be+形容词+时间状语
Will you be busy tomorrow**?**
I will be busy tomorrow.
She will be happy tomorrow.
You will be rich in the future.
名词+will be+形容词+时间状语
Nick will be busy tomorrow.
This book will be famous in the future.
The classmate will be rich in the futrre.
人称代词主格+will be+名词+时间状语
we will be teachers in the future.
He will be a doctor in the future.
She will be my girlfriend in the future.
名词+will be+名词+时间状语
His wife will be a teacher in the future.
The driver will be her husband tomorrow.
My leader will be a student tomottow.
②be going to： are going to 复数，you , is going to 第三人称单数, am going to 主语是I;
单数用is，复数用are.
I will be busy tomorrow. == I am going to be busy tomorrow.
She will be happy tomorrow. == She is going to be happy tomorrow.
疑问句：把 be(am are is),提到句首，其余不变。
Are you going to be busy tomorrow?
Is she going to be happy tomorrow?
主谓宾：在谓语动词原型前加上will+（宾语）+时间状语
变一般疑问句：will移到句首。
人称代词主格(主语)+will+不及物动词原型+状语
Will you travel tomorrow?
I will travel tomorrow.
She will rest tomorrow.
We will dance tomorrow.
名词+will+不及物动词原型+状语
His father will run tomorrow.
Nick will travel tomorrow.
My wife will swim tomorrow.
人称代词主格(主语)+will+及物动词原型+宾语+状语
I will bake corn tomorrow.
You will borrow a car tomorrow.
We will buy apples tomorrow.
名词+will+及物动词原型+宾语+状语
His wife will bake corn tomorrow.
My friend will borrow a car tomorrow.
The girl will buy apples tomorrow.
一般将来时态的状语：
时间副词：tomorrow 明天 the day after tomorrow 后天
tomorrow morning 明天早上 tomorrow evening 明天晚上
Next+时间单数：next week next year next Sunday
After+具体时间点：After work; After school;
现在进行时态: 此时此刻正在进行的动作，没有状态句子。
主语+be(助动词不是系动词)+实义动词现在分词+宾语，这里的be，没有任何意思，只是与
现在分词一起构成复合谓语，当be动词为系动词时后加表语。
不需要时间状语来表示此时此刻，也可以少数表示此时此刻的时间状语 now，right now，at the moment.
人称代词主格+be助动词+不及物动词的现在分词：
She is running.
He is sleeping.
It is flying.
名词+is/are+不及物动词的现在分词:
Nick is working.
His father is sleeping.
The students are crying.
人称代词主格+is/are/am+及物动词的现在分词+宾语:
She is drinking tea.
He is drinking coffee.
It is drinking water.
名词+is/are+及物动词的现在分词(复合谓语)+宾语:
Our classmates are drinking beer.
The air-hostesses are drinking coffee.
进行时态特殊用法：
what’s he doing this week?
They are studying in beijing.
**与always和constantly连用：**借用进行时态表达常态动作或情感，不是真正的进行时态。
She is always smiling happily.
She is always helping her friends.
表示马上，立即要发生的动作：
She is leaving beijin.
They are coming.
现在完成时态
过去完成时态
过去将来时态
过去进行时态
现在完成进行时态
将来进行时态
================================================
**时间副词**：tomorrow 明天 the day after tomorrow 后天
tomorrow morning 明天早上 tomorrow evening 明天晚上
Next+时间单数：next week next year next Sunday
After+具体时间点：After work; After school;
现在进行时态: 此时此刻正在进行的动作，没有状态句子。
主语+be(助动词不是系动词)+实义动词现在分词+宾语，这里的be，没有任何意思，只是与
现在分词一起构成复合谓语，当be动词为系动词时后加表语。
不需要时间状语来表示此时此刻，也可以少数表示此时此刻的时间状语 now，right now，at the moment.
人称代词主格+be助动词+不及物动词的现在分词：
She is running.
He is sleeping.
It is flying.
名词+is/are+不及物动词的现在分词:
Nick is working.
His father is sleeping.
The students are crying.
人称代词主格+is/are/am+及物动词的现在分词+宾语:
She is drinking tea.
He is drinking coffee.
It is drinking water.
名词+is/are+及物动词的现在分词(复合谓语)+宾语:
Our classmates are drinking beer.
The air-hostesses are drinking coffee.
进行时态特殊用法：
what’s he doing this week?
They are studying in beijing.
**与always和constantly连用：**借用进行时态表达常态动作或情感，不是真正的进行时态。
She is always smiling happily.
She is always helping her friends.
表示马上，立即要发生的动作：
She is leaving beijin.
They are coming.
现在完成时态
过去完成时态
过去将来时态
过去进行时态
现在完成进行时态
将来进行时态
================================================
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