spring security快速上手

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。由于它是Spring生态系统中的一员，因此它伴随着整个Spring生态系统不断修正、升级，在spring boot项目中加入springsecurity更是十分简单，使用Spring Security 减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.8</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

Spring容器配置

package com.hhy.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

/**
 * @author HuangHaiyang
 * @date 2020/08/17
 * @description: description
 * @version: 1.0.0
 */
@Configuration //相当于applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.hhy"
        ,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {
    //在此配置除了Controller的其它bean，比如：数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。
}

Servlet Context配置

package com.hhy.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

/**
 * @author HuangHaiyang
 * @date 2020/08/17
 * @description: description
 * @version: 1.0.0
 */
 @Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.hhy"
        ,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //视图解析器
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
    }
}

安全配置
spring security提供了用户名密码登录、退出、会话管理等认证功能，只需要配置即可使用。
在config包下定义WebSecurityConfig，安全配置的内容包括：用户信息、密码编码器、安全拦截机制。

package com.hhy.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;

/**
 * @author HuangHaiyang
 * @date 2020/08/17
 * @description: description
 * @version: 1.0.0
 */
 @EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //定义用户信息服务（查询用户信息）
    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        //现在先在内存中创建用户，后面会从数据库中查询
        InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
        //zhangsan 权限 p1
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());
        //lisi 权限 p2
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());
        return manager;
    }

    //密码编码器
    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        //输入什么就是什么，后面会使用加密算法的编码器
        return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

    //安全拦截机制
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAnyAuthority("p1")//访问/r/r1的请求必须有p1权限
                .antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAnyAuthority("p2")//访问/r/r2的请求必须有p2权限
                .antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过
                .anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**，其它的请求可以访问
                .and()
                .formLogin()//允许表单登录
                .successForwardUrl("/success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址
    }
}

在userDetailsService()方法中，我们返回了一个UserDetailsService给spring容器，Spring Security会使用它来获取用户信息。我们暂时使用InMemoryUserDetailsManager实现类，并在其中分别创建了zhangsan、lisi两个用户，并设置密码和权限。而在configure()中，我们通过HttpSecurity设置了安全拦截规则，其中包含了以下内容：
（1）url匹配/r/**的资源，经过认证后才能访问。
（2）其他url完全开放。
（3）支持form表单认证，认证成功后转向/login-success。
关于HttpSecurity的配置清单请参考附录 HttpSecurity

加载 WebSecurityConfig

package com.itheima.security.springmvc.init;

import com.itheima.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.itheima.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.itheima.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

/**
 * @author Administrator
 * @version 1.0
 **/
public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    //spring容器，相当于加载 applicationContext.xml
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
    }

    //servletContext，相当于加载springmvc.xml
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }

    //url-mapping
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}

Spring Security初始化
初始化，这里有两种情况
若当前环境没有使用Spring或Spring MVC，则需要将 WebSecurityConfig(Spring Security配置类) 传入超类，以确保获取配置，并创建spring context。相反，若当前环境已经使用spring，我们应该在现有的springContext中注册Spring Security(上一步已经做将
WebSecurityConfig加载至rootcontext)，此方法可以什么都不做。
定义SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer：

package com.hhy.config;

import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;

/**
 * @author Administrator
 * @version 1.0
 **/
public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer
        extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
    public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {
        //super(WebSecurityConfig.class);
    }
}

package com.hhy.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author HuangHaiyang
 * @date 2020/08/17
 * @description: description
 * @version: 1.0.0
 */
@RestController
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/success",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
    public String loginSuccess(){
        return " 登录成功";
    }

    /**
     * 测试资源1
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
    public String r1(){
        return " 访问资源1";
    }

    /**
     * 测试资源2
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
    public String r2(){
        return " 访问资源2";
    }
}