Spring Security介绍
Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。
由于它是Spring生态系统中的一员,因此它伴随着整个Spring生态系统不断修正、升级,
在spring boot项目中加入spring security更是十分简单,
使用Spring Security 减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。
创建工程
创建maven工程
创建maven工程 security-spring-security,工程结构如下:
Spring容器配置
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration //相当于applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc"
,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {
//在此配置除了Controller的其它bean,比如:数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。
}
Servlet Context配置
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc"
,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//视图解析器
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
}
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
}
}
加载 Spring容器
在init包下定义Spring容器初始化类SpringApplicationInitializer,
此类实现WebApplicationInitializer接口,
Spring容器启动时加载WebApplicationInitializer接口的所有实现类。
package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
//spring容器,相当于加载 applicationContext.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
}
//servletContext,相当于加载springmvc.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
//url-mapping
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
认证 —— 认证页面
springSecurity默认提供认证页面,不需要额外开发
安全配置
spring security提供了用户名密码登录、退出、会话管理等认证功能,只需要配置即可使用。
1) 在config包下定义WebSecurityConfig,安全配置的内容包括:用户信息、密码编码器、安全拦截机制
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//定义用户信息服务(查询用户信息)
@Bean
public UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){
InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());
return manager;
}
//密码编码器
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
//安全拦截机制(最重要)
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1")
.antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2")
.antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过
.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**,其它的请求可以访问
.and()
.formLogin()//允许表单登录
.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址
}
}
在userDetailsService()方法中,
返回了一个UserDetailsService类型的对象给spring容器,
Spring Security会使用它来获取用户信息。
暂时使用 InMemoryUserDetailsManager实现类,
并在其中分别创建了zhangsan、lisi两个用户,并设置密码和权限。
而在configure()中,我们通过HttpSecurity设置了安全拦截规则,其中包含了以下内容:
(1)url匹配/r/**的资源,经过认证后才能访问。
(2)其他url完全开放。
(3)支持form表单认证,认证成功后转向/login-success。
2) 加载 WebSecurityConfig
修改SpringApplicationInitializer的getRootConfigClasses()方法,添加WebSecurityConfig.class:
//spring容器,相当于加载 applicationContext.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
}
Spring Security初始化
Spring Security初始化,这里有两种情况
1. 若当前环境没有使用Spring或Spring MVC,
则需要将 WebSecurityConfig(Spring Security配置类) 传入超类,以确保获取配置,并创建spring context。
在init包下定义SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer:
package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;
import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;
public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer
extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {
super(WebSecurityConfig.class);
}
}
2. 若当前环境已经使用spring,
我们应该在现有的springContext中注册Spring Security(上一步已经做将WebSecurityConfig加载至rootcontext),此方法可以什么都不做。
package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;
import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;
public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer
extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {
//super(WebSecurityConfig.class);
}
}
默认根路径请求
在WebConfig.java中添加默认请求根路径跳转到/login,此url为spring security提供:
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
}
spring security默认提供的登录页面。
认证成功页面
在安全配置中,认证成功将跳转到/login-success,代码如下:
//安全拦截机制(最重要)
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1")
.antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2")
.antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过
.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**,其它的请求可以访问
.and()
.formLogin()//允许表单登录
.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址
}
spring security支持form表单认证,认证成功后转向/login-success。
在LoginController中定义/login-success:
@RequestMapping(value = "/login-success",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String loginSuccess(){
return " 登录成功";
}
测试
(1)启动项目,访问 http://localhost:8080/security-spring-security/ 路径地址
页面会根据WebConfig中addViewControllers配置规则,跳转至/login,/login是pring Security提供的登录页面。
(2)登录
1、输入错误的用户名、密码
2、输入正确的用户名、密码,登录成功
(3)退出
1、请求/logout退出
2、退出 后再访问资源自动跳转到登录页面
授权
实现授权需要对用户的访问进行拦截校验,校验用户的权限是否可以操作指定的资源,
Spring Security默认提供授权实现方法。
在LoginController添加/r/r1或/r/r2
/**
* 测试资源1
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String r1(){
return " 访问资源1";
}
/**
* 测试资源2
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String r2(){
return " 访问资源2";
}
在安全配置类WebSecurityConfig.java中配置授权规则:
测试:
1、登录成功
2、访问/r/r1和/r/r2,有权限时则正常访问,否则返回403(拒绝访问)
ApplicationConfig.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration //相当于applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc"
,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {
//在此配置除了Controller的其它bean,比如:数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。
}
WebConfig.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dym.security.springmvc"
,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//视图解析器
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
}
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
}
}
WebSecurityConfig.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//定义用户信息服务(查询用户信息)
@Bean
public UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){
InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());
return manager;
}
//密码编码器
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
//安全拦截机制(最重要)
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1")
.antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2")
.antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有/r/**的请求必须认证通过
.anyRequest().permitAll()//除了/r/**,其它的请求可以访问
.and()
.formLogin()//允许表单登录
.successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登录成功的页面地址
}
}
SpringApplicationInitializer.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.dym.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
//spring容器,相当于加载 applicationContext.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
}
//servletContext,相当于加载springmvc.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
//url-mapping
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.init;
import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;
public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer
extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer() {
//super(WebSecurityConfig.class);
}
}
LoginController.java
package com.dym.security.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/login-success",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String loginSuccess(){
return " 登录成功";
}
/**
* 测试资源1
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String r1(){
return " 访问资源1";
}
/**
* 测试资源2
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=UTF-8"})
public String r2(){
return " 访问资源2";
}
}