Knowledge Graph知识图谱—2. RDF & 3. RDFS

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已于 2023-12-13 06:39:48 修改

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分类专栏：笔记文章标签：知识图谱人工智能

于 2023-12-09 21:56:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45012798/article/details/134895050

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本文介绍了ResourceDescriptionFramework(RDF)的基本概念，包括资源、literal、属性、三元组表示法（如TurtleNotation），以及RDFS（RDFSchema）的使用，展示了如何通过RDF和相关技术如HTML、RDFa和Microdata在网页上添加结构化数据。同时讨论了RDF的语义原则和限制，如非负性和RDFS的推理能力。

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2. Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Graph
Directed vs. undirected
Labeled vs. unlabeled
Homogenous vs. heterogeneous nodes
Cyclic vs. acyclic
Knowledge Graphs are Graphs
Directed, labeled graph, Heterogeneous node types (and edges), Need not be cycle free
Node types (“classes”) and edge types (“properties”) are also referred to the “schema” of the graph (aka “ontology”) e.g. an edge of type “author” links a publication to a person

Metadata on the Web
Goal: more effective rating and ranking of web contents
Metadata on the Web: Dublin Core

2.1 What is RDF?

RDF = Resource Description Framework
Description of arbitrary things
RDF

A knowledge graph consists of multiple sentences

We usually think of knowledge graphs as densely connected graphs (Objects of one statement become subjects of another)

2.2 Basic Building Blocks of RDF

2.2.1 Resources

denote things
are identified by a URI
can have one or multiple types
A resource can be a subject itself

Types: All resources (not literals) can have a type. Types can be arbitrarily defined. The predefined predicate rdf:type* defines the type of a resource.

2.2.2 Literals

are values like strings or integers,;
A literal is an atomic value, can only be objects, not subjects or predicates(graph view: they can only have ingoing edges)【和resource的不同点】
can have a datatype or a language tag (but not both)

Datatypes for Literals
(Almost) all XML Schema datatypes may be used, Exception: XML specific types, The underspecified type “duration”, and sequence types.
There are no default datatypes (not even “string”!)

Language Tags for Literals
Literals may be defined in different natural languages: “München”@de, “Munich”@en
Those can be marked
Knowledge Graphs can be multilingual!

Example:
:Munich :hasName “München”@de .
:Munich :hasName “Munich”@en .
:Munich :hasPopulation "1356594 "^^xsd:integer .
:Munich :hasFoundingYear “1158-01-01”^^xsd:date .

以下是3种不同的literal
– “München”
– “München”@de
– “München”^^xsd:string .