一、JDBC的工具类
之前我们发现每一个案例都有很多重复的代码,获取连接 和 释放资源 那块是重复度最高的两个模块,所以我们现在把这两个模块包装为类,到时候直接调用即可。
1.将“释放资源”包装起来
使用静态方法调用就特别方便
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2.将“获取连接”包装起来
获取连接那块代码都一样,都是传过来一个url+账号+密码,然后根据这三大件来登录数据库,所以一开始我们想到的是传参方式
public static Connection getConnection(String url,String user,String password) throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
但是传参的方式你调用的时候还得传参并没有太大简化了代码,我们现在既不想传参还想实现这种跟传参一样的效果,你就只能用配置文件的方式了(非常常用的思想)
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
//我们使用的是静态代码块,静态代码块随着类的加载而执行,而且只执行一次
static{
try {
/* 1. 创建Properties集合类。*/
Properties pro = new Properties();
/* 2.获取配置文件的绝对路径 */
//获取src路径下的文件的方式--->使用ClassLoader 类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");//参数是相对路径,配置文件相对于src的路径是jdbc.properties
String path = res.getPath();//上一步的基础上再调用getpath方法就获取到配置文件的绝对路径/D:/IdeaProjects/itcast/out/production/day04_jdbc/jdbc.properties
/* 3. 用Properties来加载文件和文件里面的内容*/
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
/* 4. 注册驱动*/
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
3.JDBC工具类完整代码演示
package cn.itcast.util;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
/**
* 文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
*/
static{
//读取资源文件,获取值。
try {
//1. 创建Properties集合类。
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path = res.getPath();
// System.out.println(path);///D:/IdeaProjects/itcast/out/production/day04_jdbc/jdbc.properties
//2. 加载文件
// pro.load(new FileReader("D:\\IdeaProjects\\itcast\\day04_jdbc\\src\\jdbc.properties"));
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3. 获取数据,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4. 注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
使用静态方法调用就特别方便
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
4.实例演示
本实例只是 day07_JDBC 里面的一实例的改进,用到的数据库也请参考原文
emp.class
package cn.itcast.domain;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 封装Emp表数据的JavaBean
*/
public class Emp {
private int id;
private String ename;
private int job_id;
private int mgr;
private Date joindate;
private double salary;
private double bonus;
private int dept_id;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public int getJob_id() {
return job_id;
}
public void setJob_id(int job_id) {
this.job_id = job_id;
}
public int getMgr() {
return mgr;
}
public void setMgr(int mgr) {
this.mgr = mgr;
}
public Date getJoindate() {
return joindate;
}
public void setJoindate(Date joindate) {
this.joindate = joindate;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getDept_id() {
return dept_id;
}
public void setDept_id(int dept_id) {
this.dept_id = dept_id;
}
public double getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Emp{" +
"id=" + id +
", ename='" + ename + '\'' +
", job_id=" + job_id +
", mgr=" + mgr +
", joindate=" + joindate +
", salary=" + salary +
", bonus=" + bonus +
", dept_id=" + dept_id +
'}';
}
}
JDBCDemo8.class
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import cn.itcast.domain.Emp;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo8 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Emp> list = new JDBCDemo8().findAll2();
System.out.println(list);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
/**
* 演示JDBC工具类
* @return
*/
public List<Emp> findAll2(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<Emp> list = null;
try {
/* //1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
*/
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();//这一行代码替换上面打了注释的代码
//3.定义sql
String sql = "select * from emp";
//4.获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6.遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合
Emp emp = null;
list = new ArrayList<Emp>();
while(rs.next()){
//获取数据
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String ename = rs.getString("ename");
int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id");
int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr");
Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate");
double salary = rs.getDouble("salary");
double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus");
int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id");
// 创建emp对象,并赋值
emp = new Emp();
emp.setId(id);
emp.setEname(ename);
emp.setJob_id(job_id);
emp.setMgr(mgr);
emp.setJoindate(joindate);
emp.setSalary(salary);
emp.setBonus(bonus);
emp.setDept_id(dept_id);
//装载集合
list.add(emp);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
/*if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn); //这一行代码替换上面打了注释的代码
}
return list;
}
}
二、登录案例
/**
* 练习:
* * 需求:
* 1. 通过键盘录入用户名和密码
* 2. 判断用户是否登录成功
*/
1.创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE db4;
USE db4;
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32),
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32)
);
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'zhangsan','123');
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'lisi','234');
SELECT * FROM USER;
JDBCDemo9.class
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class JDBCDemo9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.键盘录入,接受用户名和密码
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = sc.nextLine();
//2.调用方法
boolean flag = new JDBCDemo9().login(username, password);
//3.判断结果,输出不同语句
if(flag){
//登录成功
System.out.println("登录成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");
}
}
/**
* 登录方法
*/
public boolean login(String username ,String password){
if(username == null || password == null){
return false;
}
//连接数据库判断是否登录成功
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//1.获取连接
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = '"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"' ";
System.out.println(sql);
//3.获取执行sql的对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.执行查询
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//5.判断
/* if(rs.next()){//如果有下一行,则返回true
return true;
}else{
return false;
}*/
return rs.next();//这一行代码替代上面注释掉的代码
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);
}
return false;
}
}
感谢浏览和收藏