文章目录
一、概述
1.关于Sentinel
2.运行
使用时java8必须安好,8080端口不能被占用
Sentinel容错、限流、监控平台,它可以像Hystrix那样进行服务降级、服务熔断,但它不用像Hystrix还得自己写一个9001微服务,Sentinel就是直接运行就行。
二、快速入门
1.新建Module8401
1.建Module
2.改pom
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>4.6.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.写yml
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719 #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
4.主启动类
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
}
}
5.业务类
写一个FlowLimitController
@RestController
public class FlowLimitController
{
@GetMapping("/testA")
public String testA()
{
return "------testA";
}
@GetMapping("/testB")
public String testB()
{
return "------testB";
}
}
2.启动测试
三、Sentinel流控
1.关于流控
2.流控之QPS直接失败
直接调用默认报错信息,技术方面OK
but,是否应该有我们自己的后续处理?
类似有个fallback的兜底方法?
3.流控之线程直接失败
4.流控之关联
与A关联的资源B达到阀值后,就限流A自己(相当于支付模块达到阈值,那么与支付模块相关联的下订单的模块被限流了)
5.流控之预热
公式:冷加载因子coldFactor(默认值为3),所以阈值从除以三开始,经过预热时长后才会达到阈值
6.流控之排队等待
四、Sentinel服务降级
1.降级的概述
2.RT
1.添加一个controller方法
@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
//暂停几秒钟线程
try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
log.info("testD 测试RT");
return "------testD";
}
2.添加降级规则
3.Jmeter压测
4.结论
3.异常比例
当资源的每秒请求量>=5,并且异常比例(每秒异常总数占通过量的比值)超过阈值后,资源进入降级状态,在时间窗口期之后才关闭降级。
1.添加一个controller方法
@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
log.info("testD 测试RT");
int age = 10/0; //除零异常!!!
return "------testD";
}
2.添加降级规则
3.Jmeter压测
4.结论
4.异常数
1.添加一个controller方法
@GetMapping("/testE")
public String testE()
{
log.info("testE 测试异常比例");
int age = 10/0;
return "------testE 测试异常比例";
}
2.添加降级规则
3.Jmeter压测
五、Sentinel热点限流
1.概念
1.什么是热点限流?
热点限流就是比如“武汉肺炎”比较火,访问量过大我们可以限制它的访问。
具体实现就是http://localhost:8401/payment/qry?p1
带有p1参数的进行限流,而那些http://localhost:8401/payment/qry?p2
带有p2的、http://localhost:8401/payment/qry?p3
带有p3的我们就不限
2.自定义兜底方法
2.快速入门
1.新写一个controller方法
@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
@RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
return "------testHotKey";
}
public String dealHandler_testHotKey(String p1,String p2,BlockException exception)
{
return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}
2.添加热点规则
3.测试
4.测试2
3.参数例外项
1.关于Controller
@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
@RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
return "------testHotKey";
}
public String dealHandler_testHotKey(String p1,String p2,BlockException exception)
{
return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}
2.添加热点规则
3.测试
4.测试2
六、系统规则
测试
七、详解@SentinelResource
1.按资源名称限流
1.修改8401的pom
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
2.8401的yml不变
3.8401的主启动类不变
4.8401的新写一个RateLimitController
@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
@GetMapping("/byResource")
@SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
public CommonResult byResource()
{
return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
}
public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
{
return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
}
}
5.启动测试
6.配置流控规则
表示1秒钟内查询次数大于1,就跑到我们自定义的处流,限流
7.出现的问题
在《九、持久化规则》中讲到
2.按照Url地址限流
1.修改8401的Controller
2.新增流控
3.测试
3.面临的问题
4.客户自定义限流处理逻辑
1.业务类新加一个方法
2.CustomerBlockHandler
public class CustomerBlockHandler
{
public static CommonResult handlerException(BlockException exception)
{
return new CommonResult(4444,"按客戶自定义,global handlerException----1");
}
public static CommonResult handlerException2(BlockException exception)
{
return new CommonResult(4444,"按客戶自定义,global handlerException----2");
}
}
3.编辑限流规则
4.测试
5.总结
5.@SentinelResource注解的属性
八、Sentinel服务熔断
sentinel整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback
1.整合Ribbon
1.新建客户端9003和9004模块
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
yml:
server:
port: 9003
spring:
application:
name: nacos-payment-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
主启动类:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain9003
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class, args);
}
}
业务类:
@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
//为了省事我们用它模拟Dao层调用数据库
public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
static
{
hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
}
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment);
return result;
}
}
测试:
2.新建消费者84
改pom:
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
写yml:
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719 #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
主启动类:
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
}
}
业务类:
配置类ApplicationContextConfig:
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
业务类CircleBreakerController :
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...."); //数据库里只有三条记录
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
}
3.测试
4.只配置fallback
修改84业务类CircleBreakerController 代码:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
5.只配置blockHandler
修改84业务类CircleBreakerController 代码:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
6.fallback和blockHandler都配置
修改84业务类CircleBreakerController 代码:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
7.异常忽略exceptionToIgnore
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback", fallback = "handlerFallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler",
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
2.整合OpenFeign
1.修改84模块
修改pom
<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改yml
server:
port: 84
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
#Nacos服务注册中心地址
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
#配置Sentinel dashboard地址
dashboard: localhost:8080
#默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
port: 8719
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true
修改主启动类
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //添加@EnableFeignClients启动Feign的功能
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
}
}
业务类的service:
业务类的Controller:
//==================OpenFeign
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/openfeign/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
if(id == 4)
{
throw new RuntimeException("没有该id");
}
return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
}
2.测试:
3.测试84调用9003/9004,此时故意关闭9003/9004微服务提供者,看84消费侧自动降级,不会被耗死
九、Sentinel的持久化规则
一旦我们重启8401,sentinel规则将消失,生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化
1.演示没有持久化时出现的问题:
2.解决
将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存,只要刷新8401某个rest地址,sentinel控制台的流控规则就能看到,只要Nacos里面的配置不删除,针对8401上sentinel上的流控规则持续有效
1.修改cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401
修改pom
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改yml
启动Sentinel、Nacos、还有8401
给Nacos新建一个配置:
此时访问Sentinel我们会看到它出现了一个流控规则
2.测试
访问目标地址,看有没有流控规则
停止8401访问Sentinel看看有没有流控规则
重新启动8401再看sentinel,发现流控规则又出现了