Centos7配置AirPrint（解决手机执行多次打印后搜索不到打印机的情况）

配置cups
1.实现局域网内的其他主机访问centos的cups的打印机管理页面，防火墙放行cups的监听端口
2.在局域网的其他主机上访问cups的打印机管理页面添加打印机，并设置成共享
3.测试是否能打印

配置AirPrint
1.安装avahi，并开启服务

yum install avahi avahi-compat-libdns_sd

2.安装Python cups module

yum install system-config-printer-libs

3.在 /usr/share/cups/mime/下新建两个文件，airprint.types和airprint.convs
写入以下内容

echo "image/urf urf string(0,UNIRAST<00>)" > /usr/share/cups/mime/airprint.types
echo "image/urf application/pdf 100 pdftoraster" > /usr/share/cups/mime/airprint.convs

3通过脚本Python脚本完成配置，脚本地址：
http://www.voidcn.com/link?url=https://raw.github.com/tjfontaine/airprint-generate/master/airprint-generate.py
或者复制下面的Python脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
Copyright (c) 2010 Timothy J Fontaine <tjfontaine@atxconsulting.com>

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
"""

import cups, os, optparse, re, urlparse
import os.path
from StringIO import StringIO

from xml.dom.minidom import parseString
from xml.dom import minidom

import sys

try:
    import lxml.etree as etree
    from lxml.etree import Element, ElementTree, tostring
except:
    try:
        from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, ElementTree, tostring
        etree = None
    except:
        try:
            from elementtree import Element, ElementTree, tostring
            etree = None
        except:
            raise 'Failed to find python libxml or elementtree, please install one of those or use python >= 2.5'

XML_TEMPLATE = """<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
<name replace-wildcards="yes"></name>
<service>
	<type>_ipp._tcp</type>
	<subtype>_universal._sub._ipp._tcp</subtype>
	<port>631</port>
	<txt-record>txtvers=1</txt-record>
	<txt-record>qtotal=1</txt-record>
	<txt-record>Transparent=T</txt-record>
	<txt-record>URF=none</txt-record>
</service>
</service-group>"""

#TODO XXX FIXME
#<txt-record>ty=AirPrint Ricoh Aficio MP 6000</txt-record>
#<txt-record>Binary=T</txt-record>
#<txt-record>Duplex=T</txt-record>
#<txt-record>Copies=T</txt-record>


DOCUMENT_TYPES = {
    # These content-types will be at the front of the list
    'application/pdf': True,
    'application/postscript': True,
    'application/vnd.cups-raster': True,
    'application/octet-stream': True,
    'image/urf': True,
    'image/png': True,
    'image/tiff': True,
    'image/png': True,
    'image/jpeg': True,
    'image/gif': True,
    'text/plain': True,
    'text/html': True,

    # These content-types will never be reported
    'image/x-xwindowdump': False,
    'image/x-xpixmap': False,
    'image/x-xbitmap': False,
    'image/x-sun-raster': False,
    'image/x-sgi-rgb': False,
    'image/x-portable-pixmap': False,
    'image/x-portable-graymap': False,
    'image/x-portable-bitmap': False,
    'image/x-portable-anymap': False,
    'application/x-shell': False,
    'application/x-perl': False,
    'application/x-csource': False,
    'application/x-cshell': False,
}

class AirPrintGenerate(object):
    def __init__(self, host=None, user=None, port=None, verbose=False,
        directory=None, prefix='AirPrint-', adminurl=False):
        self.host = host
        self.user = user
        self.port = port
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.directory = directory
        self.prefix = prefix
        self.adminurl = adminurl
        
        if self.user:
            cups.setUser(self.user)
    
    def generate(self):
        if not self.host:
            conn = cups.Connection()
        else:
            if not self.port:
                self.port = 631
            conn = cups.Connection(self.host, self.port)
            
        printers = conn.getPrinters()
        
        for p, v in printers.items():
            if v['printer-is-shared']:
                attrs = conn.getPrinterAttributes(p)
                uri = urlparse.urlparse(v['printer-uri-supported'])

                tree = ElementTree()
                tree.parse(StringIO(XML_TEMPLATE.replace('\n', '').replace('\r', '').replace('\t', '')))

                name = tree.find('name')
                name.text = 'AirPrint %s @ %%h' % (p)

                service = tree.find('service')

                port = service.find('port')
                port_no = None
                if hasattr(uri, 'port'):
                  port_no = uri.port
                if not port_no:
                    port_no = self.port
                if not port_no:
                    port_no = cups.getPort()
                port.text = '%d' % port_no

                if hasattr(uri, 'path'):
                  rp = uri.path
                else:
                  rp = uri[2]
                
                re_match = re.match(r'^//(.*):(\d+)(/.*)', rp)
                if re_match:
                  rp = re_match.group(3)
                
                #Remove leading slashes from path
                #TODO XXX FIXME I'm worried this will match broken urlparse
                #results as well (for instance if they don't include a port)
                #the xml would be malform'd either way
                rp = re.sub(r'^/+', '', rp)
                
                path = Element('txt-record')
                path.text = 'rp=%s' % (rp)
                service.append(path)

                desc = Element('txt-record')
                desc.text = 'note=%s' % (v['printer-info'])
                service.append(desc)

                product = Element('txt-record')
                product.text = 'product=(GPL Ghostscript)'
                service.append(product)

                state = Element('txt-record')
                state.text = 'printer-state=%s' % (v['printer-state'])
                service.append(state)

                ptype = Element('txt-record')
                ptype.text = 'printer-type=%s' % (hex(v['printer-type']))
                service.append(ptype)

                pdl = Element('txt-record')
                fmts = []
                defer = []

                for a in attrs['document-format-supported']:
                    if a in DOCUMENT_TYPES:
                        if DOCUMENT_TYPES[a]:
                            fmts.append(a)
                    else:
                        defer.append(a)

                if 'image/urf' not in fmts:
                    sys.stderr.write('image/urf is not in mime types, %s may not be available on ios6 (see https://github.com/tjfontaine/airprint-generate/issues/5)%s' % (p, os.linesep))

                fmts = ','.join(fmts+defer)

                dropped = []

                # TODO XXX FIXME all fields should be checked for 255 limit
                while len('pdl=%s' % (fmts)) >= 255:
                    (fmts, drop) = fmts.rsplit(',', 1)
                    dropped.append(drop)

                if len(dropped) and self.verbose:
                    sys.stderr.write('%s Losing support for: %s%s' % (p, ','.join(dropped), os.linesep))

                pdl.text = 'pdl=%s' % (fmts)
                service.append(pdl)

                if self.adminurl:
                    admin = Element('txt-record')
                    admin.text = 'adminurl=%s' % (v['printer-uri-supported'])
                    service.append(admin)
                
                fname = '%s%s.service' % (self.prefix, p)
                
                if self.directory:
                    fname = os.path.join(self.directory, fname)
                
                f = open(fname, 'w')

                if etree:
                    tree.write(f, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8")
                else:
                    xmlstr = tostring(tree.getroot())
                    doc = parseString(xmlstr)
                    dt= minidom.getDOMImplementation('').createDocumentType('service-group', None, 'avahi-service.dtd')
                    doc.insertBefore(dt, doc.documentElement)
                    doc.writexml(f)
                f.close()
                
                if self.verbose:
                    sys.stderr.write('Created: %s%s' % (fname, os.linesep))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-H', '--host', action="store", type="string",
        dest='hostname', help='Hostname of CUPS server (optional)', metavar='HOSTNAME')
    parser.add_option('-P', '--port', action="store", type="int",
        dest='port', help='Port number of CUPS server', metavar='PORT')
    parser.add_option('-u', '--user', action="store", type="string",
        dest='username', help='Username to authenticate with against CUPS',
        metavar='USER')
    parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', action="store", type="string",
        dest='directory', help='Directory to create service files',
        metavar='DIRECTORY')
    parser.add_option('-v', '--verbose', action="store_true", dest="verbose",
        help="Print debugging information to STDERR")
    parser.add_option('-p', '--prefix', action="store", type="string",
        dest='prefix', help='Prefix all files with this string', metavar='PREFIX',
        default='AirPrint-')
    parser.add_option('-a', '--admin', action="store_true", dest="adminurl",
        help="Include the printer specified uri as the adminurl")
    
    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    
    # TODO XXX FIXME -- if cups login required, need to add
    # air=username,password
    from getpass import getpass
    cups.setPasswordCB(getpass)
    
    if options.directory:
        if not os.path.exists(options.directory):
            os.mkdir(options.directory)
    
    apg = AirPrintGenerate(
        user=options.username,
        host=options.hostname,
        port=options.port,
        verbose=options.verbose,
        directory=options.directory,
        prefix=options.prefix,
        adminurl=options.adminurl,
    )
    
    apg.generate()

4.运行脚本，得到*.service的文件，拷贝到/etc/avahi-deamon/service/下
如果提示运行脚本时候提示错误是关于MIME不能用于airprint，需要检查 /usr/share/cups/mime/是否有airprint.types和airprint.convs
5.重启cups和avahi-deamon服务，在ios设备上查找打印机
6.将avahi-deamon监听的端口加入防火墙的放行策略中，包括tcp和udp的端口，不然会造成打印机几次后，出现无法正常访问打印机