- MySQL主从概述：
MySQL数据库自身提供的主从复制功能可以方便的实现数据的多处自动备份，实现数据库的拓展。多个数据备份不仅可以加强数据的安全性，通过实现读写分离还能进一步提升数据库的负载性能。
- 下图就描述了一个多个数据库间主从复制与读写分离的模型
在一主多从的数据库体系中，多个从服务器采用异步的方式更新主数据库的变化，业务服务器在执行写或者相关修改数据库的操作是在主服务器上进行的，读操作则是在各从服务器上进行。如果配置了多个从服务器或者多个主服务器又涉及到相应的负载均衡问题，关于负载均衡具体的技术细节还没有研究过，今天就先简单的实现一主一从的主从复制功能。
- Mysql主从复制的实现原理图大致如下(来源网络)：
MySQL之间数据复制的基础是二进制日志文件（binary log file）。一台MySQL数据库一旦启用二进制日志后，其作为master，它的数据库中所有操作都会以“事件”的方式记录在二进制日志中，其他数据库作为slave通过一个I/O线程与主服务器保持通信，并监控master的二进制日志文件的变化，如果发现master二进制日志文件发生变化，则会把变化复制到自己的中继日志中，然后slave的一个SQL线程会把相关的“事件”执行到自己的数据库中，以此实现从数据库和主数据库的一致性，也就实现了主从复制。
- 下面开始MySQL的安装和MySQL主从服务的部署
- 实验环境如下
| 服务 | IP |
|---|---|
| MySQL主 | 192.168.20.10 |
| MySQL从 | 192.168.20.20 |
- 实现MySQL主从复制需要进行的配置如下：
- 主服务器：
1.1、开始二进制日志
1.2、配置唯一的server-id
1.3、获得master二进制日志文件名及位置
1.4、 创建一个用于slave和master通信的用户账号- 从服务器：
2.1、配置唯一的server-id
2.2、使用master分配的用户账号读取master二进制日志
2.3 启用slave服务
- MySQL的安装在这里不进行演示 具体的看MySQL的源码安装
- 下面开始进行配置
主：启动服务 创建用户
[root@lpj1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/lpj1.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database course;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'bakcuper'@'192.168.20.20' identified by '12345678';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
找到主数据库的配置文件my.cnf(或者my.ini)，我的在/etc/mysql/my.cnf,在[mysqld]部分插入如下几行：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1 #服务器id编号
binlog-do-db=course ## 同步的库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql ## 不同步的库
log-bin=mysql-bin ## 二进制日志的文件名
重启服务
[root@lpj1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
进入数据库 查看主库状态
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database course;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'bakcuper'@'192.168.20.20' identified by '12345678';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@lpj1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@lpj1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.46-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | course | mysql | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从：启动服务 创建用户 创库 授权：
[root@lpj1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/lpj1.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@lpj1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
创建用于主从同步的库
mysql> create database course;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
修改mysql从的配置 和mysql主的配置基本一样 如下
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2 ##id号不同
binlog-do-db=course
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
重启服务
[root@lpj2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
做主从设置
[root@lpj2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.46-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to
-> master_user='bakcuper',
-> master_password='12345678',
-> master_host='192.168.20.10',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
完事后进行验证
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.20.10
Master_User: bakcuper
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: lpj2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 455
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 9a62f3fb-a47e-11ea-98d5-000c2947d185
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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