福州大学 2022～2023 学年第 1 学期考试 A 卷压轴题参考答案

 题目：

定义一个抽象类Structure（含有纯虚函数type函数，用以显示当前结构的类型； 含有show函数），

在此基础上派生出Building类, 用来存储一座楼房的层数、房间数以及它的总平方米数。 建立派生

类House，继承Building类，并存储下面的内容：卧室与浴室的数量。另外，建立派生类Office,继承

Building类，并存储灭火器与电话的个数。要求定义各个类的数据成员，成员函数（包括构造函数、

析构函数、显示各数据成员的show（）函数，type（）函数）。

（1）在完成上述类的基础上，在main函数中定义相应的对象，并测试所有的函数功能。

（2）在main（）中，用Office类定义一个对象，请分析此时调用构造函数的顺序和析构函数的顺序。

（3）实现Structure类族中show（）函数的动态多态性，要求要在每个层级都实现，并调用测试。

（4）在Office类中重载运算符“<<”，以便通过它来直接对Office类对象内容直接输出。

（5）调用“<<”运算符将Office对象的信息输出到文本文件“d:\\office.txt”中。

程序：

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>//（5）文件读写操作需要用到的头文件
using namespace std;

class Structure {//抽象类
public:
	virtual void type() = 0;
	virtual void show() = 0;//（3）纯虚函数，Structure类族动态多态性
};

class Building :public Structure {
protected:
	int floor;//记录层数
	int room;//记录房间数
	int square;//记录平方米数
public:
	Building(int f = 1, int r = 0, int s = 0) {
		this->floor = f;
		this->room = r;
		this->square = s;
		cout << "the constructor function of Building has been called" << endl;//验证（2）构造函数调用顺序
		return;
	}
	~Building() {
		cout << "the destructor function of Building has been called" << endl;//验证（2）析构函数调用顺序
	}
public:
	virtual void type() {
		cout << "The type is Building" << endl;
		return;
	}
	virtual void show() {//（3）虚函数，Structure类族动态多态性
		cout << "floor:" << floor << endl;
		cout << "room:" << room << endl;
		cout << "square:" << square << "m^2" << endl;
		return;
	}
};

class House :public Building {
protected:
	int bedroom;//记录卧室数
	int bathroom;//记录浴室数量
public:
	House(int floor = 1, int room = 0, int square = 0, int bedroom = 0, int bathroom = 0)
		:Building(floor, room, square) {//重载构造函数(参数表法)
		this->bedroom = bedroom;
		this->bathroom = bathroom;
		return;
	}
	~House() {	}
public:
	void type() {
		cout << "The type is House" << endl;
	}
	void show() {
		cout << "floor:" << floor << endl;
		cout << "room:" << room << endl;
		cout << "bedroom:" << bedroom << endl;
		cout << "bathroom" << bathroom << endl;
		cout << "square:" << square << "m^2" << endl;
		return;
	}
};

class Office :public Building {
protected:
	int hydrant;//记录灭火器数
	int telephone;//记录电话数
public:
	Office(int floor = 1, int room = 0, int square = 0, int hydrant = 0, int telephone = 0)
		:Building(floor, room, square) {//重载构造函数(参数表法)
		this->telephone = telephone;
		this->hydrant = hydrant;
		cout << "the constructor function of Office has been called" << endl;//验证（2）构造函数调用顺序
		return;
	}
	~Office() {
		cout << "The destructor function of Office has been called" << endl;//验证（2）析构函数调用顺序
	};
public:
	friend void operator<<(ostream&, Office&);//（4）运算符重载函数声明，流插入运算符只能重载为友元函数
public:
	void type() {
		cout << "The type is Office" << endl;
	}
	void show() {
		cout << "floor:" << floor << endl;
		cout << "room:" << room << endl;
		cout << "hydrant:" << hydrant << endl;
		cout << "telephone" << telephone << endl;
		cout << "square:" << square << "m^2" << endl;
		return;
	}
public:
	void document() {//（5）文件读写操作
		ofstream outfile("d:\\office.txt", ios::out);
		if (!outfile) {
			cerr << "OPEN ERROR!" << endl;
			exit(1);
		}
		outfile << "floor:" << floor << endl;
		outfile << "room:" << room << endl;
		outfile << "hydrant:" << hydrant << endl;
		outfile << "telephone" << telephone << endl;
		outfile << "square:" << square << "m^2" << endl;
		return;
	}
};
void operator <<(ostream& output, Office& of) {//（4）重载运算符，用于直接输出office类
	cout << "floor:" << of.floor << endl;
	cout << "room:" << of.room << endl;
	cout << "hydrant:" << of.hydrant << endl;
	cout << "telephone" << of.telephone << endl;
	cout << "square:" << of.square << "m^2" << endl;
	return;
}

int main() {
	Building bu(2, 3, 100);
	House ho(2, 4, 100, 3, 2);
	Office of(3, 10, 300, 5, 4);
	//（1）测试部分程序
	bu.show();
	bu.type();
	cout << endl;
	ho.show();
	ho.type();
	cout << endl;
	of.show();
	of.type();
	cout << endl;
	//（4）测试部分程序
	cout << of;//直接输出office类成员
	cout << endl;
	//（5）测试部分程序
	of.document();
	return 0;
}

结果：