命令及选项
1. 显示帮助信息：
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.26.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix]
[-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]
选项:
-?,-h : 显示帮助信息
-v : 显示版本信息
-V : 显示版本信息和编译配置项
-t : 检查测试配置文件
-T : 检查测试配置文件并输出内容
-q : 在配置文件测试期间禁止显示非错误消息
-s signal : 向主进程发送信号: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : 设置配置路径，默认: /usr/local/nginx/
-e filename : 设置错误日志文件，默认: logs/error.log
-c filename : 设置配置文件，默认: conf/nginx.conf
-g directives : 启动时指定全局配置项，而不修改配置文件，格式：k v；2. 显示版本信息
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.26.03. 显示版本信息和编译配置项
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.26.0
built by gcc 11.4.1 20230605 (Red Hat 11.4.1-2) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 3.0.7 1 Nov 2022
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module4. 检查测试配置文件
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful5. 检查测试配置文件并输出内容
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
pid run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
# configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types:
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/avif avif;
image/png png;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/webp webp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
font/woff woff;
font/woff2 woff2;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
pptx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
docx;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/wasm wasm;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}6. 在配置文件测试期间禁止显示非错误消息
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -q
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# echo $?
07. 启动时指定全局配置项（需为配置文件中未设置项），格式：k v；
# 原配置显示进程
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4680 1 0 21:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4681 4680 0 21:49 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
# 停止服务
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -s stop
# 注释如下两行
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#worker_processes 1;
#pid run/nginx.pid;
# 新pid文件不存在
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll /var/run/nginx.pid
ls: cannot access '/var/run/nginx.pid': No such file or directory
# 执行pid文件，指定进程数
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -g "pid /var/run/nginx.pid; worker_processes 2;"
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4698 1 0 21:58 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g pid /var/run/nginx.pid; worker_processes 2;
nginx 4699 4698 0 21:58 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 4700 4698 0 21:58 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll /var/run/nginx.pid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 10 21:58 /var/run/nginx.pid信号
向主进程发送信号
1. 快速关闭
-
- nginx -s stop
- kill -INT/TERM 主进程PID
#启动程序
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx
#查看进程
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4733 1 0 22:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4734 4733 0 22:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 4735 4733 0 22:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 4737 4591 0 22:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 快速关闭程序，无论进程是否有连接，都会直接断开
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -s stop
# 确认
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4740 4591 0 22:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1517 1 0 23:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1518 1517 0 23:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 1519 1517 0 23:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1530 1408 0 23:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# kill -INT 1517
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1535 1408 0 23:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1537 1 0 May10 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1538 1537 0 May10 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 1539 1537 0 May10 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1568 1408 0 00:05 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# kill -TERM 1537
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1570 1408 0 00:05 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx2. 优雅的关闭
- nginx -s quit
- kill -QUIT 主进程PID
# 创建一个1G的测试文件
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/local/nginx/html/Linuxjsz bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 3.11659 s, 345 MB/s
# 通过客户端访问的方式进行文件下载
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# wget http://192.168.199.152/Linuxjsz
Connecting to 192.168.199.152:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1073741824 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Linuxjsz’
Linuxjsz 100%[=====================>] 1.00G 147MB/s in 7.4s
22:41:54 (139 MB/s) - ‘Linuxjsz’ saved [1073741824/1073741824]
# 查看进程情况，正常运行中
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4824 1 0 22:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4825 4824 0 22:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 4826 4824 0 22:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 4828 4591 0 22:41 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 下载过程中发送quit信号
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -s quit
# 查看进程情况，此时其中一个worker进程已关闭，而存在进程处于即将关闭状态
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4824 1 0 22:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4825 4824 3 22:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root 4831 4591 0 22:41 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 查看进程情况，此时nginx程序已关闭
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4833 4591 0 22:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1641 1 0 00:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1642 1641 0 00:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 1643 1641 0 00:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1645 1408 0 00:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# kill -QUIT 1641
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1641 1 0 00:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1643 1641 0 00:12 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root 1756 1408 0 00:13 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx3. 重新加载配置文件，启动新的工作进程，优雅的关闭旧进程
- nginx -s reload
- kill -HUP 主进程PID
# 查看进程情况
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4751 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4752 4751 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 4753 4751 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 4810 4591 0 22:30 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 发送reload信号
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -s reload
# 查看进程情况，发现主进程未发生变化，而两个worker进程的pid更改了，启动时间也发生了变化
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 4751 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 4812 4751 0 22:30 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 4813 4751 0 22:30 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 4815 4591 0 22:30 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1761 1 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1762 1761 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 1763 1761 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1765 1408 0 00:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# kill -HUP 1761
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 1761 1 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 1766 1761 0 00:17 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 1767 1761 0 00:17 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1769 1408 0 00:17 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx4. 重新生成日志文件。可用于定期备份日志文件
- nginx -s reopen
- kill -USR1 主进程PID
# 查看日志文件
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll -h /usr/local/nginx/logs/
total 12K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.0K May 10 22:23 access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.8K May 10 22:22 error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 May 10 22:22 nginx.pid
# 修改日志名称
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log{,.bak}
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll -h /usr/local/nginx/logs/
total 12K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.0K May 10 22:23 access.log.bak
# 通过浏览器访问页面，显示访问日志还是写入到了原文件中
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll -h /usr/local/nginx/logs/
total 16K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.4K May 10 22:27 access.log.bak
# 发送reopen信号，新创建了一个日志文件，再访问页面，日志则被写入到了新文件中
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# nginx -s reopen
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll -h /usr/local/nginx/logs/
total 16K
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx root 0 May 10 22:28 access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.4K May 10 22:27 access.log.bak
[root@RockyLinux9 ~]# ll -h /usr/local/nginx/logs/
total 20K
-rw-r--r--. 1 nginx root 466 May 10 22:28 access.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.4K May 10 22:27 access.log.bak- 有关与kill命令其他信号控制参数，会在《Nginx升级和回滚》章节进行演示操作。
来自: 学习Nginx（三）：命令与信号
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