Google Earth Engine (GEE)：提取ERA5气象数据至点/面要素集，导出为SHP/CSV

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已于 2023-08-20 19:44:29 修改

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于 2023-08-20 19:43:50 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45125432/article/details/132394712

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Google Earth Engine (GEE)：提取ERA5气象数据至点/面要素集，导出为SHP/CSV

ERA5气象再分析数据

ERA5 是第五代 ECMWF 全球气候大气再分析。再分析将模型数据与世界各地的观测结果结合起来，形成全球完整且一致的数据集。
数据范围：全球
数据可用时间：1979/1/1 - 现在
GEE已存储ERA5月值、日值、小时等分辨率数据：
在这里插入图片描述

GEE获取ERA5数据

实际使用气象数据时往往只取点/面等感兴趣区的数据，如果去CDS官网下载数据，往往是几十个G，但是只提取一小部分使用，GEE能够提供云端ERA5数据的查询、处理和导出等服务，节约科学研究的数据处理时间。废话不多说，直接上代码（提取142个湖泊中心点要素数据集2005-2022年温度、降水、辐射、气压等日值）：
在这里插入图片描述

// 数据提取时间范围
var startDate = '2005-01-01';
var endDate = '2023-01-01';
// 矢量数据，每个要素是一个提取单元
var regions = Lake142CenterPoints;
// 确定提取值的统计方式，比如min/max/median....，reduceName也需要修改
var reduce = ee.Reducer.mean();
var reduceName = 'mean';


// ---------------------------------calc daily data----------------------------------
// 按照时间范围筛选数据
var ERA5DailyLatest_filterdate = ERA5DailyLatest.filterDate(startDate, endDate);
var ERA5Daily_filterdate = ERA5Daily.filterDate(startDate, endDate);
print(ERA5DailyLatest_filterdate, ERA5Daily_filterdate);

// 空的结果要素集合
var regions_data_modify = ee.FeatureCollection(ee.List([]));

// 提取ee.ImageCollection("ECMWF/ERA5/DAILY")数据的函数
var getERA5DailyLatest = function(image, regions) {
  var varName = image.bandNames().get(0);
  // add a column named reduceName
  var regions_data = image.reduceRegions(ee.FeatureCollection(regions), reduce);
  var date = image.date().format().slice(0,10);
  
  
  // writes the date in each feature as a new column named date
  // get temp with unit oC
  if (['mean_2m_air_temperature', 'minimum_2m_air_temperature', 'maximum_2m_air_temperature', 'dewpoint_2m_temperature'].indexOf(varName) !== -1) {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName).subtract(ee.Number(273.15)));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
  
  // get pr with unit mm
  else if (['total_precipitation'].indexOf(varName) !== -1) {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName).multiply(ee.Number(1000.0)));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
  
  // get pres with unit hPa
  else if (['surface_pressure'].indexOf(varName) !== -1) {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName).multiply(ee.Number(0.01)));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
  
  // get ws with unit m/s, unit did not need change
  else {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
};

// 提取ee.ImageCollection("ECMWF/ERA5/DAILY")数据的函数
var getERA5Daily = function(image, regions) {
  var varName = image.bandNames().get(0);
  // add a column named mean
  var regions_data = image.reduceRegions(ee.FeatureCollection(regions), reduce);
  var date = image.date().format().slice(0,10);
  
  
  // get sr with unit MJ/m2
  if (['surface_solar_radiation_downwards_sum'].indexOf(varName) !== -1) {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName).multiply(ee.Number(1e-6)));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
  
  // unit did not need change
  else {
    regions_data_modify = regions_data.map(function(feature) {
      return feature.set(date, feature.get(reduceName));
      });
    return regions_data_modify;
  }
};


var ERA5DailyLatest_varNameLs = ['mean_2m_air_temperature', 'minimum_2m_air_temperature', 'maximum_2m_air_temperature', 'dewpoint_2m_temperature', 
                 'total_precipitation', 'surface_pressure', 'u_component_of_wind_10m', 'v_component_of_wind_10m'];
var _ = ERA5DailyLatest_varNameLs.map(function (varName){
  var fc_data = ee.FeatureCollection(ERA5DailyLatest_filterdate.select([varName]).iterate(getERA5DailyLatest, regions));
  Export.table.toDrive({
      collection: fc_data, 
      description: startDate + '_' + endDate + '_' + varName, 
      folder: 'GEE', 
      fileNamePrefix: startDate + '_' + endDate + '_' + varName,
      fileFormat: 'CSV',
      maxVertices: 1e13,
  });
  return null;
}, true);

var ERA5Daily_varNameLs = ['surface_solar_radiation_downwards_sum'];
var _ = ERA5Daily_varNameLs.map(function (varName){
  var fc_data = ee.FeatureCollection(ERA5Daily_filterdate.select([varName]).iterate(getERA5Daily, regions));
  Export.table.toDrive({
      collection: fc_data, 
      description: startDate + '_' + endDate + '_' + varName,
      folder: 'GEE', 
      fileNamePrefix: startDate + '_' + endDate + '_' + varName,
      fileFormat: 'CSV',
      maxVertices: 1e13,
    });
  return null;
}, true);
// ---------------------------------calc daily data----------------------------------