五、用户输入和while循环

用户输入和while循环

一.用户输入

1.input()函数多行输入

prompt="If you tell us who you are,we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt +="\nWhat is you first name?"
name = input(prompt)
print('\nHello, ' + name + "!")

If you tell us who you are,we can personalize the messages you see.
What is you first name?John

Hello, John!

2.input()返回值

input()将传入的信息作为字符串类型，若传入数值，在进行比较大小、逻辑运算时，需要用int()函数转化为数值型。

height=input("How tall are you, in inches?")
height=int(height)
if height >= 36:
    print("\nyou're tall enough to ride!"
else: 
    print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

How tall are you, in inches?45

you're tall enough to ride!

3.使用用户输入来填充字典

responses={}
polling_active = True

while polling_active:
    name = input("\nWhat's your name?")    
    response = input('Which mountain would you like to climb someday?')
    responses[name] = response
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) ")    
    if repeat == 'no':   
        polling_active = False
        
print('\n---Poll Results---')
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(name + "would like to climb " + response + ".")

What's your name?Eric
Which mountain would you like to climb someday?Denali
Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) yes

What's your name?Lynn
Which mountain would you like to climb someday?Devil's Thumb
Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) no

---Poll Results---
Ericwould like to climb Denali.
Lynnwould like to climb Devil's Thumb.

二.退出while循环

1. 设置判断条件

promt = "\nTell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:"
promt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message=""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(promt)
    print(message)

Tell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.Hello
Hello

Tell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit
quit

上面的例子会输出quit，改进：

promt = "\nTell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:"
promt +="r\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message=""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(promt)    
    if message!='quit':   
         print(message)

Tell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.Hello
Hello

Tell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit

2.使用标志

promt = "\nTell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:"
promt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
active = True
while active:
    message = input(promt)  
    if message == 'quit':   
        active=False
    else:   
        print(message)

3.使用break退出循环

promt = "\nTell me something,and I will repeat it back to you:"
promt +="\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
while True:
    message = input(promt)
    if message == 'quit':   
        break  
    else:    
        print(message)

4.使用continue

输出1-10中偶数

current_number=0
while current_number < 10:
    current_number+=1
    if current_number%2!=0:  
        continue
    print(current_number)

2
4
6
8
10

若程序陷入无限循环时，按ctrl+c可关闭显示程序输出的终端窗口。