c# 字段(field) 和 属性(property) 重要

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Student stu1 = new Student();
                stu1.SetAge(20);

                Student stu2 = new Student();
                stu2.SetAge(20);

                Student stu3 = new Student();
                stu3.SetAge(20);

                int avgAge = (stu1.GetAge() + stu2.GetAge() + stu3.GetAge()) / 3;
                Console.WriteLine(avgAge);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }

    class Student
    {
        private int age;

        public int GetAge()
        {
            return this.age;
        }

        public void SetAge(int value)
        {
            if (value >= 0 && value <= 120)
            {
                this.age = value;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception("Age参数范围错误");
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Student stu1 = new Student();
                stu1.Age = 20;

                Student stu2 = new Student();
                stu2.Age = 20;

                Student stu3 = new Student();
                stu3.Age = 20;

                int avgAge = (stu1.Age + stu2.Age + stu3.Age) / 3;
                Console.WriteLine(avgAge);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }

    class Student
    {
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            // 访问器
            get
            {
                return this.age;
            }

            set
            {
                // 上下文关键字 value
                if (value >= 0 && value <= 120)
                {
                    this.age = value;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new Exception("Age参数范围错误");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

快速生成完成属性

visual Studio快速生成属性
在类中,输入propfull ,接着按2下tab键

    class Student
    {
        private int myVar;

        public int MyProperty
        {
            get { return myVar; }
            set { myVar = value; }
        }
    }

简略声明

visual Studio快速生成属性
在类中,输入prop ,接着按2下tab键

    class Student
    {
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }

私有set,只能在类中进行赋值

    class Student
    {
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            // 只能在类中进行赋值
            private set { age = value; }
        }


        public void say()
        {
            this.Age = 200;
        }
    }

练习

Age满足16岁可以工作,调用CanWork判断是否满足条件

每次访问CanWork时,计算age是否满足要求

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.Age = 16;

                Console.WriteLine(stu.CanWork);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }

    class Student
    {
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set { age = value; }
        }

        public bool CanWork
        {
            get
            {
                if (this.age >= 16)
                {
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

在setAge时,计算age是否满足要求

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.Age = 16;

                Console.WriteLine(stu.CanWork);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }

    class Student
    {
        private int age;

        public int Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set
            {
                age = value;

                // 每次赋值后都调用CalculateCanWork()进行判断
                this.CalculateCanWork();
            }
        }

        private bool canWork;

        public bool CanWork
        {
            get
            {
                return canWork;
            }
        }

        private void CalculateCanWork()
        {
            if (this.age >= 16)
            {
                this.canWork = true;
            }
            else
            {
                this.canWork = false;
            }
        }
    }
}