java-软件结构,网络通信,tcp通信,文件上传案例实现

软件结构

网络通信协议分类

UDP:主机A发送数据不需要确认连接主机B就可以传输数据
优点:消耗资源小,通信效率高
缺点:由于UDP的面向无连接,故不能保证数据的完整性,偶尔可能会丢失一两个数据包
TCP:首先要建立发送和接收的链接后才可以传输数据

网络编程三要素

ip地址

端口号

TCP通信的概述

TCP通信的客户端代码实现(用的都是一个字节流)

先起服务端,在起客户端




客户端

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.
        Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.1.3",8888);
        //2.
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.
        outputStream.write("你好服务器".getBytes());
        //4
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //5
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(bytes);
        System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,len));
        //6
        socket.close();

    }

}

服务端

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        //2.
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        //3.
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        //4.
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(bytes);
        System.out.println(new String((bytes),0,len));
        System.out.println("读取个数"+len);
        //5.
        OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("收到谢谢".getBytes());
        //6.
        serverSocket.close();
        accept.close();
    }
}

案例:文件上传

读取,就是接收信息,就是输入流->读入
往哪写就是输出信息,就是输出流->写出

说白了就是,先通过本地的流我们把文件读出来,通过socket,我们写出去,在通过socket我们在把文件读下来,在通过本地的流我们写下来
先起服务端,再起客户端




服务端

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Random;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建一个服务器对象
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        //让服务器一直处于监听状态
        while (true){
            //2.获取客户端对象
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

            //当多个客户端同时上传文件时,我们可以采用多线程来提高效率
            new Thread(()-> { //lambda表达式

                    try {
                        //判断文件夹是否存在
                        File file = new File("D:\\upload");
                        if (!file.exists()){
                            file.mkdir();
                        }

                        //自定义命名规则,防止同名文件被覆盖
                        String fileName = "itcast"+System.currentTimeMillis()+new Random().nextInt(9999)+".png";

                        //5.创建本地的写出流
                        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file+"\\"+fileName);
                        //6一读一些
                        int len = 0;
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){//网络的读入
                            fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);//用本地的写出
                        }

                        //7.用网络的写出,返回给客户端一个信息
                        socket.getOutputStream().write("上传成功+++".getBytes());
                        //8.释放资源
                        fileOutputStream.close();
                        socket.close();
                    }catch (IOException e){
                        System.out.println(e);
                    }


            }).start();
            //3.通过socket读取入客户端传来的数据
        }
        //服务器就不用关闭了
        //serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("C:\\1.png");
        Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.1.2",9999);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        //文件先读出来
        int len = 0;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            //通过socket写出去->传输到服务器端
            outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        //通过socket读取->服务器返回的数据
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        while ((len=inputStream.read())!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,len));
        }

        //释放资源
        fileInputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }

}