Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-05 17:31:32 发布

Summer∩_∩

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-05 17:31:32 发布

阅读量126

点赞数

文章标签： Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45174537/article/details/98470897

版权

1. 什么是关联(association)

关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。

例如:

  class B{
	private String name;
	private List<A> bs = new arraylist();
  }
  public class A{
    private B b = new B;
    public A(){}
  }

2 以客户和订单的一对多双向关联为例,讲解Set元素中的cascade|inverse|outter-join|lazy属性作用

lazy:默认值为true,true延迟加载,false立即加载(一般设置为true,不使用立即加载,因为影响查询性能)

outter-join:默认值为false,true使用左外联接查询关联的(但一般不用，因为当我们把该属性设置为true时，所有的查询语句都会默认左外联，那样性能不高)

inverse:默认值为false,true表示将对方设置为主控方(一对多双向关联中一般将多方设置为主控方,这样可以减少SQL语句的数量,减少多余的操作)

cascade:用来控制如何操作关联的持久化对象的

none:保存，更新或删除当前对象时，忽略其它关联的对象

save-update:保存、更新时级联保存所有的临时对象，并且级联更新关联的游离对象

delete:通过session的delete方法删除当前对象，级联删除关联的对象

all:等于save-update操作+delete操作

配置文件

实用工具类（SessionFactoryUtils）

package com.caoguangli.two.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * 仅在学习hibernate的工程中使用，当进入spring的学习后就没用了，后面会有ssh来替代
 * 作用：
 *     用来检测hibernate中配置文件的准确性
 *       hibernate.cfg.xml
 *       *.hbm.xml
 *       
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static Session openSession() {
//		从本地的线程中获取session回话，第一次肯定是获取不到的，那么需要重新让sessionfactory创建一个session出来
//		第二次就能够对第一次创建的session反复利用，节约性能
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session == null) {
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		}
		return session;
	}
	
	public static void closeSession() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
			session.close();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
	}
}

实体类

Order

package com.caoguangli.three.entity;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Order {
	
	private Integer orderId;
	private String orderNo;
	private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
	private Integer ininChildren = 1;//1代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载
	public Order() {
		super();
	}
	public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo) {
		super();
		this.orderId = orderId;
		this.orderNo = orderNo;
	}
	public Integer getOrderId() {
		return orderId;
	}
	public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
		this.orderId = orderId;
	}
	public String getOrderNo() {
		return orderNo;
	}
	public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
		this.orderNo = orderNo;
	}
	
	public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
		return orderItems;
	}
	public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
		this.orderItems = orderItems;
	}
	
	
	public Integer getIninChildren() {
		return ininChildren;
	}
	public void setIninChildren(Integer ininChildren) {
		this.ininChildren = ininChildren;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
	}
	
}

OrderItem

package com.caoguangli.three.entity;

public class OrderItem {

	private Integer orderItemId;
	private Integer productId;
	private Integer quantity;
	private Integer oid;
	private Order order;
	public Integer getOrderItemId() {
		return orderItemId;
	}
	public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
		this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
	}
	public Integer getProductId() {
		return productId;
	}
	public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
		this.productId = productId;
	}
	public Integer getQuantity() {
		return quantity;
	}
	public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
		this.quantity = quantity;
	}
	public Integer getOid() {
		return oid;
	}
	public void setOid(Integer oid) {
		this.oid = oid;
	}
	
	
	public Order getOrder() {
		return order;
	}
	public void setOrder(Order order) {
		this.order = order;
	}

	public OrderItem(Integer orderItemId, Integer productId, Integer quantity, Integer oid) {
		super();
		this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
		this.productId = productId;
		this.quantity = quantity;
		this.oid = oid;
	}
	public OrderItem() {
		super();
	}
	
	
}

实体类配置文件

Order.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
		<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
		</property>
		<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关系的维护  这里描述的是一对多的关系 -->
		<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
		   <!-- 从表的外键 -->
		   <key column="oid"></key>
		   <!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItems属性中 -->
		   <one-to-many class="com.caoguangli.three.entity.OrderItem"></one-to-many>
		   <!-- 
		         select * from t_hibernate_order_item where oid = 1
		   -->
		</bag>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

OrderItem.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.caoguangli.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
		<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
		</property>
		<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
		</property>
		<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
		</property>
		<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关系的维护  这里描述的是多对一的关系 -->
		<!-- Repeated column in mapping for entity: com.caoguangli.three.entity.OrderItem column: oid (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false") -->
		<many-to-one name="order" class="com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order" column="oid" ></many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/pages?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/caoguangli/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
		<!-- 主键生成策略 -->
		<mapping resource="com/caoguangli/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/caoguangli/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" />
		<!-- 一对多关联关系 -->
		<mapping resource="com/caoguangli/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/caoguangli/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

DemoDao

package com.caoguangli.three.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order;
import com.caoguangli.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.caoguangli.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class DemoDao {
	/**
	 * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
	 * 	讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return oid;
	}


	
	public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return otid;
	}
	
	
	
	/**
	 * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
	 * 	1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
	 * 	2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Order getOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		if(o != null && new Integer(0).equals(order.getIninChildren())) {
//			0代表了程序员想要关闭懒加载，也就意味着需要强控加载关联关系对象
			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
//			System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return o;
	}
	
	public List<Order> getOrderList() {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
	 * @param order
	 */
	public void delOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
			session.delete(oi);
		}
		session.delete(order2);
//		session.delete(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

使用junit进行测试

DemoDaoTest

package com.caoguangli.three.dao;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order;
import com.caoguangli.three.entity.OrderItem;

public class DemoDaoTest {

	private DemoDao demoDao = new DemoDao();

	@Test
	public void testAddOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderNo("P78");
		OrderItem orderItem = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			orderItem = new OrderItem();
			orderItem.setProductId(10+i);
			orderItem.setQuantity(20+i);
			orderItem.setOrder(order);
			order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
		}
		demoDao.addOrder(order);
//		demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
	}

	@Test
	public void testAddOrderItem() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(5);
		OrderItem orderItem = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			orderItem = new OrderItem();
			orderItem.setProductId(10+i);
			orderItem.setQuantity(20+i);
			orderItem.setOrder(order);
			order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
			demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 关于懒加载的问题
	 *  hibernate3之后出现的
	 *  failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
	 *  com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order.orderItems, 
	 *  could not initialize proxy - no Session
	 *  
	 *  orderNo数据来源于t_hibernate_order
	 *  orderItems数据来源于t_hibernate_order_item
	 *  
	 *  思考：
	 *    查一张表的效率高还是两张？
	 *    一张
	 *    
	 *  hibernate默认的策略，是不查询关联关系对应关联表数据的
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGetOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(10);
		Order order2 = this.demoDao.getOrder(order );
		System.out.println(order2.getOrderNo());
		System.out.println(order2.getOrderItems());
	}

	/**
	 * 如果说将懒加载的功课关闭，就是lazy=false，那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
	 * 
	 * 思考：
	 *    查询单个需要关闭懒加载    目的地需要加载出关联表的数据
	 *    查多个不能关闭懒加载        加载联表的数据的查询次数过多
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGetOrderList() {
		List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
		for (Order order : orderList) {
			System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
//			System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testDelOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(11);
		this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
	}

}

	@Test
	public void testAddOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderNo("P78");
		OrderItem orderItem = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			orderItem = new OrderItem();
			orderItem.setProductId(10+i);
			orderItem.setQuantity(20+i);
			orderItem.setOrder(order);
			order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
		}
		demoDao.addOrder(order);
//		demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
	}

这里直接运行会出一个错误：

在这里插入图片描述

原因：映射文件OrderItem.hbm.xml映射了两次column=“oid”

在这里插入图片描述
解决方法在后面加insert=“false” update=“false”：

在这里插入图片描述

懒加载


	/**
	 * 关于懒加载的问题
	 *  hibernate3之后出现的
	 *  failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
	 *  com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order.orderItems, 
	 *  could not initialize proxy - no Session
	 *  
	 *  orderNo数据来源于t_hibernate_order
	 *  orderItems数据来源于t_hibernate_order_item
	 *  
	 *  思考：
	 *    查一张表的效率高还是两张？
	 *    一张
	 *    
	 *  hibernate默认的策略，是不查询关联关系对应关联表数据的
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGetOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(10);
		Order order2 = this.demoDao.getOrder(order );
		System.out.println(order2.getOrderNo());
		System.out.println(order2.getOrderItems());
	}

运行时会出现这样一个错误：

failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:   com.caoguangli.three.entity.Order.orderItems,  could not initialize proxy - no Session

解决这个错误要在映射文件里面加入lazy="true"
在这里插入图片描述

但一般不建议使用这种方法，我们使用另一种方法来解决
在一个Order这个实体类中加入

private Integer ininChildren = 1;//1代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载
public Integer getIninChildren() {
		return ininChildren;
	}
	public void setIninChildren(Integer ininChildren) {
		this.ininChildren = ininChildren;
	}

请看DemoDao类这块详细代码
在这里插入图片描述
再进行junit测试

/**
	 * 如果说将懒加载的功课关闭，就是lazy=false，那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
	 * 
	 * 思考：
	 *    查询单个需要关闭懒加载    目的地需要加载出关联表的数据
	 *    查多个不能关闭懒加载        加载联表的数据的查询次数过多
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGetOrderList() {
		List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
		for (Order order : orderList) {
			System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
//			System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testDelOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(11);
		this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
	}

感谢观看！！！

Summer∩_∩

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

1. 什么是关联(association)关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如: class B{ private String name; private List<A> bs = new arraylist(); } public class A{ private B b = new B; p...
复制链接

扫一扫